Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Anggur (Vitis vinifera) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes

Widiasanti, Natalia Krismaya (2023) Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Anggur (Vitis vinifera) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes adalah bakteri patogenik yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada manusia. Tonsilitis dan Faringitis merupakan salah satu penyakit yang timbul akibat adanya infeksi mikroorganisme dalam tubuh manusia. Penggunaan antibiotik telah menjadi salah satu solusi yang paling umum digunakan dalam praktik medis untuk mengatasi infeksi. Komponen-komponen penting dalam antibiotik yang dapat digunakan guna melisiskan bakteri penyebab infeksi seperti Streptococcus pyogenes adalah flavonoid, antosianin dan tanin yang merupakan metabolit sekunder tanaman. Kandungan senyawa tersebut didapatkan dalam tanaman anggur, yang secara luas tumbuh di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, terutama dataran tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun anggur terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Kajian ini relevan karena meningkatnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik konvensional, sehingga mencari alternatif pengobatan menjadi penting. Metode penelitian menggunaka ekstraksi senyawa aktif dari daun anggur menggunakan metode ekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan yakni 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, dan 1,5625% yang hasil pengujian diamati dengan mengukur zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri di sekitar cakram. Hasil dari pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun anggur terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes menunjukkan tidak terdapat zona hambat yang terbentuk. Penemuan ini memberikan wawasan yang penting dalam pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang potensi ekstrak daun anggur sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes. Meskipun dalam uji awal ini tidak terbentuk zona hambat yang signifikan, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut guna memahami faktor apa saja yang dapat memengaruhi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun anggur. Kata Kunci : Uji antimikroba, ekstrak daun anggur, Streptococcus pyogenes, konsentrasi hambat minimum. / Streptococcus pyogenes is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause infections in humans. Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis are diseases that arise due to infection by microorganisms in the human body. The use of antibiotics has become one of the most commonly used solutions in medical practice to treat infections. The important components in antibiotics that can be used to lyse infection-causing bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes are flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins which are secondary plant metabolites. These compounds are found in grape plants, which grow widely in various regions of Indonesia, especially the highlands. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the antibacterial activity of grape leaf extract against the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. This study is relevant because of the increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics, so finding alternative treatments is important. The research method uses extraction of active compounds from grape leaves using an extraction method with 96% ethanol solvent. The extract concentrations used were 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625%. The test results were observed by measuring the bacterial growth inhibition zone around the disc. The results of testing the antibacterial activity of grape leaf extract against the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria showed that no inhibition zone was formed. These findings provide important insights in further understanding the potential of grape leaf extract as an antibacterial agent against Streptococcus pyogenes. Although in this initial test no significant inhibition zone was formed, further research needs to be carried out to understand what factors can influence the antibacterial activity of grape leaf extract. Keywords: Antimicrobial test, grape leaf extract, Streptococcus pyogenes, minimum inhibitory concentration

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