Perencanaan dan Analisis Ekonomi Teknik Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Sistem Offgrid di Wilayah Kecamatan Onan Runggu Samosir, Sumatera Utara

Sirumapea, Periaman (2023) Perencanaan dan Analisis Ekonomi Teknik Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Sistem Offgrid di Wilayah Kecamatan Onan Runggu Samosir, Sumatera Utara. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Sumber energi terbarukan seperti energi surya menjadi alternatif yang diakui secara global untuk menggantikan sumber energi non-terbarukan yang merusak lingkungan. Indonesia dengan potensi energi surya yang besar karena letaknya dekat Ekuator, dapat memanfaatkan energi surya ini secara efektif. Kecamatan Onan Runggu yang berada di Pulau Samosir, sebuah pulau di Danau Toba, terdapat kebutuhan infrastruktur listrik yang harus dipenuhi. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pengembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) dengan teknologi fotovoltaik diusulkan sebagai solusi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan dan menganalisis pengembangan PLTS terpusat di Kecamatan Onan Runggu Pulau Samosir menggunakan pendekatan ekonomi-teknis. Analisis ekonomi meliputi penentuan biaya bersih saat ini (NPC), titik impas (BEP), dan biaya energi (LCOE) dengan mempertimbangkan faktor investasi awal, suku bunga tahunan, dan biaya operasional. Selain itu, studi ini juga mencakup perhitungan kapasitas dan jumlah peralatan yang diperlukan, seperti panel surya, baterai, pengontrol muatan, dan inverter. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan PLTS, baik dalam bentuk offgrid (PV alone) maupun offgrid dengan diesel adalah solusi yang tepat dan cepat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik masyarakat setempat. Dalam hal ini, PLTS offgrid memiliki NPC total Rp 16.857.253,000, LCOE Rp 970/kWh, biaya operasional rata- rata per desa Rp 31.300.000, BEP dalam waktu 7 tahun 2 bulan, NPV Rp 313,517,382,935, dan IRR 13% untuk durasi proyek 25 tahun. Sementara itu, PLTS offgrid dengan diesel memiliki NPC total Rp 16.403.384,000, LCOE Rp 940/kWh, biaya operasional rata-rata per desa Rp 31.900.000, BEP 6 tahun 11 bulan, NPV Rp 313,517,382,935, dan IRR 14% untuk durasi proyek 25 tahun. PLTS offgrid dengan diesel menunjukkan NPC yang lebih rendah untuk setiap desa namun biaya operasional tahunan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan PLTS offgrid (PV alone) dengan perbedaan sebesar Rp 650.000. PLTS offgrid (PV alone) dan offgrid (PV + diesel) dapat secara efektif memberikan solusi yang cepat dan sesuai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik di Kecamatan Onan Runggu Pulau Samosir. / Renewable energy sources such as solar energy have become globally recognized alternatives to replace environmentally damaging non-renewable sources of energy. Indonesia, with its huge solar energy potential due to its location near the equator, can utilize this solar energy effectively. Onan Runggu district, located on Samosir Island, an island in Lake Toba, has a need for electricity infrastructure to be met. To address this, the development of solar power plants (PLTS) with photovoltaic technology is proposed as a solution. The study aims to plan and analyze the development of centralized PLTS in the Onan Runggu Island district of Samosir using an economic-technical approach. Economic analysis includes the determination of current net costs (NPCs), impasse points (BEPs), and energy costs (LCOEs), taking into account initial investment factors, annual interest rates, and operating costs. In addition, the study also included the calculation of capacity and the amount of equipment needed, such as solar panels, batteries, charge controllers, and inverters. The study showed that the development of PLTS, both off-grid (PV alone) and off-grid with diesel, is an appropriate and fast solution to meet the electricity needs of local communities. In this case, PLTS offgrid has a total NPC of Rp 16.857.253,000, a LCOE of Rp 970/kWh, average operating costs per village of Rp 31.300,000, a BEP within 7 years and 2 months, a NPV of Rp 313,517,382,935, and an IRR of 13% for the duration of the project of 25 years. Meanwhile, PLTS offgrid with diesel has a total NPC of Rp 16.403.384,000, a LCOE of Rp 940/kWh, average operating costs per village of Rp 31.900,000, a BEP of 6 years and 11 months, a NPV of Rp 313,517,382,935, and an IRR of 14% for the duration of the project of 25 years. PLTS Offgrid with diesel shows lower NPCs for each village but higher annual operating costs compared to PLTS Offgrid (PV alone), with a difference of Rp 650,000. Offgrid and offgrid (PV + diesel) can effectively provide a quick and suitable solution to meet the electricity needs in Onan Runggu Island, Samosir. Keywords: Solar photovoltaic power plants, technical analysis

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