Deteksi Antibodi untuk Diagnosis Histoplasmosis Paru Kronis Tinjauan Pustaka

Yamin, Yosephina Septriliani (2023) Deteksi Antibodi untuk Diagnosis Histoplasmosis Paru Kronis Tinjauan Pustaka. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Histoplasma capsulatum adalah jamur penyebab histoplasmosis dan pertama kali ditemukan oleh Darling tahun 1906. Infeksi Histoplasma capsulatum terjadi saat spora yang berada berasal dari tanah, kotoran burung, kelelawar atau ayam terinhalasi dan mengalami perubahan morfologis dari bentuk kapang menjadi ragi di paru. Penelitian menggunakan metode tinjauan naratif pustaka beberapa artikel penelitian menggunkan PubMed dan Google scholar mengenai deteksi antibodi terhadap Histoplasma capsulatum untuk diagnoisis histoplasmosis kronik. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran didapatkan 85 artikel. Hasil penelitian mengenai diagnosis histoplasmosis paru kronik dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan gejala klinik, pemeriksaan radiologi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium mikologi yaitu pemeriksaan langsung bahan klinik dan kultur. Diagnosis histoplasmosis paru kronik sulit ditegakkan jika hanya berdasarkan gejala klinis dan gambaran radiologi karena seringkali gejala dan hasil pemeriksaan yang ditunjukan menyerupai tuberkulosis paru kronik. Rendahnya sensitivitas kultur dan waktu yang sangat lama untuk pertumbuhan jamur menyebabkan dikembangkannya pemeriksaaan serologi untuk deteksi antibodi. Metode deteksi antibodi terhadap Histoplasma capslatum yang paling sering digunakan adalah fiksasi komplemen (CF) dan immunodifusi (ID) dan ELISA. Kata kunci: Histoplasma, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, deteksi antibodi, serologi. / Histoplasma capsulatum is a fungus that causes histoplasmosis and was first discovered by Darling in 1906. Histoplasma capsulatum infection occurs when spores originating from soil, bird droppings, bats or chickens are inhaled and undergo a morphological change from mold to yeast in the lungs.. This study used a narrative review of the literature, several research articles using PubMed and Google Scholar regarding the detection of antibodies to Histoplasma capsulatum for the diagnosis of chronic histoplasmosis. Based on the search results obtained 85 articles. The results of research regarding the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis can be established based on clinical symptoms, radiological examination and mycological laboratory examination, namely direct examination of clinical material and culture. The diagnosis of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is difficult to enforce if only based on clinical symptoms and radiological images because often the symptoms and results of the examination are shown to resemble chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. The low sensitivity of culture and the very long time for fungal growth has led to the development of serological tests for antibody detection. The most frequently used antibody detection methods against Histoplasma capslatum are complement fixation (CF) and immunodiffusion (ID) and ELISA. Keywords: Histoplasma, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, antibody detection, serology.

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