Profil Kasus Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Anak yang Menjalani Rawat Inap Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI

Angelina, Levina (2023) Profil Kasus Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Anak yang Menjalani Rawat Inap Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Gejala umum demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah demam tinggi, muntah dan mual, nyeri perut, epitaksis, dan melena. Usia < 15 tahun adalah kelompok usia terbanyak yang terinfeksi. Selama pandemi Covid-19, pengendalian dan pencegahan DBD menjadi tertunda akibat kondisi lockdown, kontak manusia−vektor dengue meningkat, dan persamaan manifestasi klinis memberikan tantangan bagi tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kasus pasien DBD anak di RSU UKI sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 dengan harapan pencegahan dan diagnosis awal penyakit DBD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kombinasi penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dan analitik observasional desain cross-sectional, menggunakan rekam medik. Pada tahun 2018−2021 dengan total sampling didapatkan 111 sampel. Variabel penelitian yang dominan untuk periode sebelum pandemi Covid-19 yaitu usia 12-17 tahun (55,9%), laki-laki (54,5%), lama rawat inap ≤ 4 hari (42,6%), demam tinggi (100%), derajat DBD I (75%), jumlah trombosit ≥ 100,000/µL (55,9%), kadar hematokrit ≥ 35% (86,8%), dan tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan antigen protein non-struktural 1 (NS1) dengue (95,6%). Sedangkan untuk periode selama pandemi Covid-19 yaitu usia 12-17 tahun (55,8%), laki-laki (67,4%), lama rawat inap > 4 hari (48,8%), demam tinggi (100%), derajat DBD I (58,1%), jumlah trombosit < 100,000/µL (65,1%), kadar hematokrit ≥ 35% (83,7%), dan tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan antigen protein non-struktural 1 (NS1) dengue (93%). Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, didapatkan p-value untuk hubungan jumlah trombosit dengan lama rawat inap sebesar 0,276 sebelum pandemi Covid-19 dan 0,019 selama pandemi Covid-19. Sedangkan p-value untuk hubungan kadar hematokrit dengan lama rawat inap sebesar 0,183 sebelum pandemi Covid-19 dan 0,241 selama pandemi Covid-19./ Common symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are high fever, vomiting and nausea, abdominal pain, epistaxis, and melena. Age < 15 years is the most infected age group. During the Covid-19 pandemic, DHF control and prevention were delayed due to lockdown conditions, human-dengue vector contact increased, and the similarity of clinical manifestations posed a challenge for health workers. This study aims to determine the case profile of pediatric DHF patients at UKI General Hospital before and during the Covid-19 pandemic with the hope of prevention and early diagnosis of DHF. This type of research is a combination of retrospective descriptive and analytic observational crosssectional designs, using medical records. In 2018-2021 with a total sampling, 111 samples were obtained. The dominant research variables for the period before the Covid-19 pandemic were age 12-17 years (55.9%), male (54.5%), length of stay ≤ 4 days (42.6%), high fever (100%), DHF I degree (75%), platelet count ≥ 100,000/µL (55.9%), hematocrit level ≥ 35% (86.8%), and non-structural protein antigen 1 (NS1) examination was not performed dengue (95.6%). As for the period during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely 12-17 years old (55.8%), male (67.4%), length of stay > 4 days (48.8%), high fever (100%), DHF I degree (58.1%), platelet count < 100,000/µL (65.1%), hematocrit level ≥ 35% (83.7%), and dengue non-structural protein antigen 1 (NS1) examination was not performed (93%). Based on bivariate analysis, the p-value for the relationship between platelet count and length of stay was 0.276 before the Covid-19 pandemic and 0.019 during the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the p-value for the relationship between hematocrit levels and length of stay was 0.183 before the Covid-19 pandemic and 0.241 during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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