Batasan Kewenangan Bawaslu dan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilukada Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan MK Nomor: 132/PHP.BUP-XIX/2020)

Sihura, Rikardus (2025) Batasan Kewenangan Bawaslu dan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilukada Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan MK Nomor: 132/PHP.BUP-XIX/2020). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui batasan kewenangan Bawaslu dan MK dalam penyelesaian sengketa Pemilukada di Indonesia, serta menganalisa implementasi kewenangan Bawaslu dan MK dalam kasus pemilihan Bupati di kabupaten Boven Digoel. Motode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji bahan-bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku-buku, tulisan-tulisan hukum maupun jurnal, serta kamus atau ensiklopedia. Menggunakan metode analisis pendekatan kajian dokumen hukum (statuta approach) yang dikombinasikan dengan kajian perbandingan hukum (comparative law approach) serta pendekatan kajian konseptual hukum (conseptual law approach) terhadap bahan-bahan hukum yang telah diolah. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh: (1) Bawaslu berwenang secara preventif dan represif menangani pelanggaran serta sengketa proses Pemilukada, sedangkan MK menyelesaikan perselisihan hasil Pemilukada yang bersifat final. Keduanya bersifat saling melengkapi, namun sering terjadi tumpang tindih kewenangan ketika batas antara sengketa proses dan hasil tidak tegas, sehingga menimbulkan persoalan kepastian hukum dan keadilan elektoral; (2) Kasus Pemilukada Kabupaten Boven Digoel menunjukkan kompleksitas kewenangan Bawaslu dan MK. Bawaslu menjalankan fungsi adjudikasi administratif dengan mengoreksi keputusan KPU, yang menegaskan peran Bawaslu tidak hanya sebagai pengawas tetapi juga sebagai lembaga quasi-yudisial. Sebaliknya, MK sebagai guardian of the constitution tidak hanya memeriksa sengketa hasil Pemilukada, tetapi juga menilai konstitusionalitas proses Pemilukada, khususnya pada tahap pencalonan. Pendekatan ini mencerminkan karakter MK yang mengedepankan keadilan substantif dan memandang sengketa Pemilu sebagai persoalan konstitusional yang berkaitan dengan legitimasi kekuasaan. Kata Kunci: Kewenangan Bawaslu, Kewenangan MK, dan Perselisihan Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah./ ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the limits of the authority of the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) and the Constitutional Court in resolving election disputes in Indonesia, as well as to analyse the implementation of the authority of Bawaslu and the Constitutional Court in the case of the regent election in Boven Digoel Regency. The research method is the normative juridical method by examining primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations and secondary legal materials in the form of books, legal writings and journals, as well as dictionaries and encyclopaedias. The study utilised a legal document analysis approach (statute approach) combined with a comparative law approach and a conceptual law approach to the legal materials that had been processed. The results of research is obtained that: (1) Bawaslu has preventive and repressive authority to handle violations and disputes in the regional election process, while the Constitutional Court resolves disputes over the final results of regional elections. The two bodies complement each other, but there is often an overlap of authority when the line between disputes over the process and disputes over the results is unclear, giving rise to issues of legal certainty and electoral justice; (2) The case of the Boven Digoel Regency election shows the complexity of the authority of Bawaslu and the Constitutional Court. Bawaslu performs an administrative adjudication function by correcting KPU decisions, which confirms that Bawaslu's role is not only as a supervisor but also as a quasi-judicial institution. Conversely, the Constitutional Court, as the guardian of the constitution, not only examines disputes over election results but also assesses the constitutionality of the election process, particularly at the nomination stage. This approach reflects the character of the Constitutional Court, which prioritises substantive justice and views election disputes as constitutional issues related to the legitimacy of power. Keywords: Authority of the Election Supervisory Agency and the Authority of the Constitutional Court, and Regional Head Elections Disputes.

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