Lailossa, Piere A.L (2026) Pengakuan dan Penguatan Pemerintahan Adat dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia: Studi Kasus Kedudukan dan Kewenangan Raja Negeri Waraka. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
Pengakuan terhadap masyarakat hukum adat dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia secara konstitusional dijamin dalam Pasal 18B ayat (2) UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pengakuan tersebut masih sering bersifat deklaratif dan belum sepenuhnya diikuti dengan pengaturan yang jelas mengenai kedudukan serta kewenangan pemerintahan adat. Kondisi ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan disharmoni antara hukum negara dengan hukum adat, khususnya dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan adat di berbagai daerah. Salah satu contoh nyata terdapat di Negeri Waraka, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, di mana Raja Negeri Waraka memiliki posisi ganda sebagai pemimpin adat sekaligus bagian dari sistem pemerintahan formal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan dan kewenangan Raja Negeri Waraka dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia serta merumuskan strategi penguatan pemerintahan adat Negeri Waraka agar memperoleh pengakuan dan perlindungan hukum yang lebih efektif dalam kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan dukungan data wawancara. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan historis. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer melalui wawancara dengan Raja Negeri Waraka, serta data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang berkaitan dengan hukum adat, pemerintahan adat, dan sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menekankan pada penafsiran normatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan serta analisis teoritik melalui dua teori utama yakni teori hukum adat dan teori otoritas, dilengkapi beberapa teori atau konsep tambahan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan dan kewenangan Raja Negeri Waraka secara konstitusional dan normatif telah memperoleh pengakuan melalui UUD NRI Tahun 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, serta berbagai regulasi daerah di Provinsi Maluku dan Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Akan tetapi, pengaturan tersebut masih menyisakan ketidakjelasan dalam pembagian kewenangan antara pemerintahan adat dan pemerintahan formal sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan konflik kewenangan dan marginalisasi hukum adat. Di sisi lain, secara sosiologis, kewenangan Raja Negeri Waraka tetap memperoleh legitimasi kuat dari masyarakat adat karena bersumber dari hukum adat yang hidup dan berkembang dalam masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi penguatan pemerintahan adat melalui harmonisasi regulasi, penegasan kedudukan hukum pemerintahan adat dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia, penguatan kelembagaan adat, serta optimalisasi perlindungan terhadap hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat agar tercipta hubungan yang harmonis antara hukum negara dan hukum adat dalam kerangka negara hukum Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Pemerintahan Adat, Raja Negeri Waraka, Masyarakat Hukum Adat, Ketatanegaraan Indonesia, Penguatan Hukum Adat. / The recognition of indigenous peoples within the Indonesian constitutional system is constitutionally guaranteed under Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, in practice, such recognition often remains merely declaratory and has not been fully followed by clear regulations concerning the position and authority of customary governments. This condition has created legal uncertainty and disharmony between state law and customary law, particularly in the administration of customary governance in various regions. One significant example can be found in Negeri Waraka, Central Maluku Regency, where the King of Negeri Waraka holds a dual position as both a customary leader and a part of the formal governmental system. This research aims to analyze the position and authority of the King of Negeri Waraka within the Indonesian constitutional system and to formulate strategies for strengthening the customary government of Negeri Waraka in order to achieve more effective legal recognition and protection within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This study employs a normative juridical research method supported by interview data. The approaches applied include the statutory approach, the conceptual approach, and the historical approach. The data consist of primary data obtained through interviews with the King of Waraka Negeri, as well as secondary data comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials relating to customary law, customary government, and the Indonesian constitutional system. Data were analyzed qualitatively, emphasizing normative interpretation of statutory regulations and theoretical analysis based on two principal theories, namely the theory of customary law and the theory of authority, supplemented by other relevant theories and concepts. The findings reveal that the position and authority of the King of Negeri Waraka have constitutionally and normatively been recognized through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, and various regional regulations in Maluku Province and Central Maluku Regency. Nevertheless, these regulations still leave ambiguities regarding the division of authority between customary governance and formal governmental institutions, thereby creating the potential for conflicts of authority and marginalization of customary law. Sociologically, however, the authority of the King of Negeri Waraka continues to obtain strong legitimacy from the indigenous community because it is rooted in customary law that lives and develops within society. Therefore, strategies to strengthen customary governance are necessary through regulatory harmonization, clarification of the legal status of customary governments within the Indonesian constitutional system, strengthening customary institutions, and optimizing the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights in order to establish a harmonious relationship between state law and customary law within the framework of the Indonesian rule of law. Keywords: Customary Government, King of Negeri Waraka, Indigenous Peoples, Indonesian Constitutional System, Strengthening of Customary Law.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S2) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | LAW | ||||||||||||
| Divisions: | PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Magister Ilmu Hukum | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Ms Piere A.L Lailossa | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 30 Sep 2026 09:32 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 30 Sep 2026 09:33 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/23912 |
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