Analisis Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kabupaten Bogor Kecamatan Jonggol Tahun 2025–2026

Naibaho, Alex Binter (2026) Analisis Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kabupaten Bogor Kecamatan Jonggol Tahun 2025–2026. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan nasional yang dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas gizi masyarakat, khususnya peserta didik, serta mendukung upaya penurunan stunting dan pembangunan sumber daya manusia menuju Indonesia Emas 2045. Namun, implementasi program di daerah masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti koordinasi antarlembaga, distribusi makanan, pengawasan keamanan pangan, dan kualitas pelayanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kecamatan Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2025–2026 serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaannya. Penelitian menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan George C. Edward III yang meliputi komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi, serta teori Jan Merse yang mencakup informasi, isi kebijakan, dukungan masyarakat, dan pembagian potensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi lapangan, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap pihak KPPG, SPPG, Dinas Kesehatan, sekolah, orang tua, serta peserta didik. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program MBG telah terlaksana dan memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi peserta didik. Aspek sumber daya dan disposisi pelaksana tergolong baik, sementara faktor informasi, dukungan masyarakat, dan pembagian potensi relatif mendukung pelaksanaan program. Namun, komunikasi antarpelaksana, koordinasi kelembagaan, pengawasan keamanan pangan, kualitas makanan, serta sistem distribusi masih memerlukan perbaikan. Dukungan masyarakat terhadap tujuan program cukup tinggi, meskipun masih terdapat kritik terhadap kualitas implementasinya. Kesimpulannya, implementasi Program MBG di Kecamatan Jonggol belum sepenuhnya optimal, tetapi telah menunjukkan capaian yang cukup baik dan berpotensi lebih efektif melalui penguatan koordinasi, pengawasan, evaluasi, serta penyempurnaan tata kelola program secara berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan, Makan Bergizi Gratis, George C. Edward III, Jan Merse, Kecamatan Jonggol. / The Free Nutritious Meal Program (Program Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) is a national policy designed to improve the nutritional status of the population, particularly school-aged children, while supporting stunting reduction efforts and the development of high-quality human resources toward Indonesia Emas 2045. However, the implementation of the program at the local level continues to face various challenges, including inter-agency coordination, food distribution, food safety supervision, and service quality. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) in Jonggol District, Bogor Regency, during the period of 2025–2026 and to identify the factors influencing its implementation. The study employs George C. Edward III’s policy implementation theory, which consists of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, as well as Jan Merse’s theory, which includes information, policy content, public support, and resource allocation. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving representatives from KPPG, SPPG, the Health Office, schools, parents, and students. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the MBG Program has been implemented and has contributed positively to fulfilling students’ nutritional needs. The aspects of resources and implementers’ disposition were found to be relatively strong, while information dissemination, public support, and resource allocation generally supported program implementation. Nevertheless, communication among implementing actors, institutional coordination, food safety monitoring, food quality, and distribution systems still require improvement. Public support for the program’s objectives remains high, although concerns regarding the quality of implementation persist. In conclusion, the implementation of the MBG Program in Jonggol District has not yet reached an optimal level of effectiveness. However, the program has demonstrated promising achievements and possesses significant potential to become more effective through strengthened coordination, supervision, evaluation, and continuous improvement of program governance. Keywords: Policy Implementation, Free Nutritious Meal Program, George C. Edward III, Jan Merse, Jonggol District.

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