Budianto, Eko (2026) ANALISIS KEKOSONGAN NORMA HUKUM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 66 TAHUN 2024 TENTANG PELAYARAN TERHADAP KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN HAK KETENAGAKERJAAN AWAK KAPAL. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Perubahan regulasi di bidang pelayaran melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 66 Tahun 2024 sebagai perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran membawa konsekuensi terhadap konstruksi perlindungan hukum ketenagakerjaan bagi awak kapal. Sebagai pekerja sektor khusus yang memiliki risiko kerja tinggi, awak kapal secara konseptual dan konstitusional berhak atas perlindungan hukum dan kepastian hukum yang adil sebagaimana dijamin dalam Pasal 28D ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Namun, perubahan norma khususnya dalam Pasal 337 ayat (2) menimbulkan persoalan terkait kejelasan pengaturan mengenai keterkaitan antara hukum pelayaran dan hukum ketenagakerjaan, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan kekosongan norma dan multitafsir dalam implementasinya. Penelitian ini mengangkat dua rumusan masalah, yaitu: bagaimana perlindungan hukum ketenagakerjaan bagi awak kapal sebelum dan sesudah diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 66 Tahun 2024 tentang Pelayaran; dan bagaimana implikasi konstitusional dari kekosongan norma hukum yang ditimbulkan terhadap jaminan hak atas kepastian hukum yang adil bagi awak kapal berdasarkan Pasal 28D ayat (1) UUD 1945. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan konstitusional (constitutional approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum berlakunya UU No. 66 Tahun 2024, perlindungan hukum ketenagakerjaan bagi awak kapal secara normatif masih memiliki keterkaitan yang relatif jelas dengan rezim hukum ketenagakerjaan nasional, meskipun dalam praktik implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala. Setelah berlakunya UU No. 66 Tahun 2024, konstruksi norma dalam Pasal 337 ayat (2) tidak memberikan penegasan yang memadai mengenai standar perlindungan dan mekanisme penegakan hak ketenagakerjaan awak kapal, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan norma yang berdampak pada berkurangnya kepastian hukum. Kondisi tersebut berimplikasi secara konstitusional terhadap belum optimalnya pemenuhan hak atas kepastian hukum yang adil bagi awak kapal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi dan pembentukan peraturan pelaksana yang lebih komprehensif guna menjamin perlindungan hukum yang efektif dan sejalan dengan prinsip negara hukum Kata Kunci: Kekosongan Norma Hukum, Perlindungan Ketenagakerjaan, Awak Kapal, Kepastian Hukum, Pasal 337 UU Pelayaran, Implikasi Konstitusional./ ABSTRACT The amendment of maritime regulations through Law Number 66 of 2024 as the third amendment to Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping has brought significant implications for the legal protection of seafarers’ employment rights. As workers in a special sector characterized by high occupational risks, seafarers are conceptually and constitutionally entitled to legal protection and legal certainty as guaranteed under Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the revised normative construction, particularly in Article 337 paragraph (2), raises issues regarding the clarity of regulation governing the relationship between shipping law and labor law, potentially creating a normative gap and multiple interpretations in its implementation. This research addresses two main legal issues: first, the legal protection of seafarers’ employment rights before and after the enactment of Law Number 66 of 2024 concerning Shipping; and second, the constitutional implications of the normative gap arising from the said provision on the guarantee of the right to fair legal certainty for seafarers under Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and constitutional approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, which are analyzed qualitatively through systematic and grammatical interpretation. The findings reveal that prior to the enactment of Law Number 66 of 2024, the legal protection of seafarers’ employment rights still maintained a relatively clear normative linkage with the national labor law regime, although practical implementation remained problematic. After the enactment of Law Number 66 of 2024, the normative formulation of Article 337 paragraph (2) fails to provide sufficient clarity regarding standards of protection and enforcement mechanisms for seafarers’ employment rights, thereby creating a normative gap that weakens legal certainty. This condition carries constitutional implications, as it indicates the suboptimal fulfillment of the right to fair legal certainty for seafarers. Therefore, regulatory harmonization and the issuance of comprehensive implementing regulations are necessary to ensure effective legal protection in accordance with the principles of the rule of law and the protection of human rights. Keywords: Normative Gap, Employment Protection, Seafarers, Legal Certainty, Article 337 Shipping Law, Constitutional Implication.
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