ANALISIS KOMPARATIF KINERJA DAN RESPONS DINAMIS MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT) DI DUA LOKASI TROPIS: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PLTS ATAP DI JAKARTA SELATAN DAN DI DEPOK

GINANJAR, GIGIN (2026) ANALISIS KOMPARATIF KINERJA DAN RESPONS DINAMIS MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT) DI DUA LOKASI TROPIS: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PLTS ATAP DI JAKARTA SELATAN DAN DI DEPOK. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Wilayah tropis memiliki karakteristik iradiasi matahari yang tinggi namun disertai dengan variabilitas dan fluktuasi cepat akibat dinamika atmosfer. Kondisi ini menimbulkan tantangan terhadap kinerja sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap, khususnya pada kemampuan Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) dalam mempertahankan operasi modul fotovoltaik pada titik daya maksimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komparatif kinerja dan respons dinamis MPPT pada dua sistem PLTS atap yang berlokasi di Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan dan Depok, dengan kapasitas terpasang yang diseragamkan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis pengukuran lapangan empiris dengan resolusi waktu tinggi, yaitu satu detik. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi iradiasi matahari, temperatur modul dan lingkungan, serta parameter listrik sisi arus searah (DC) pada masukan MPPT. Analisis MPPT dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan black-box dengan mengevaluasi parameter tracking loss, overshoot, tracking delay, dan recovery time. Kinerja energi sistem dianalisis berdasarkan indikator standar IEC 61724-1, yaitu final yield, performance ratio (PR), dan capacity factor (CF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kedua lokasi memiliki potensi iradiasi harian yang relatif serupa, PLTS di Depok secara konsisten menghasilkan energi dan nilai PR yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan PLTS di Jagakarsa. Perbedaan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh variabilitas iradiasi lokal dan respons dinamis MPPT terhadap fluktuasi iradiasi cepat. Kata kunci: PLTS atap, MPPT, respons dinamis, fluktuasi iradiasi, iklim tropis / Tropical regions are characterized by high solar irradiance accompanied by strong variability and rapid fluctuations due to dynamic atmospheric conditions. These characteristics pose significant challenges to the performance of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, particularly to the ability of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to maintain PV operation at the maximum power point. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of MPPT performance and dynamic response in two rooftop PV systems located in Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, and Depok, Indonesia, with equalized installed capacities. The study adopts a quantitative approach based on high-resolution empirical field measurements with a temporal resolution of one second. The collected data include solar irradiance, module and ambient temperatures, and DC electrical parameters at the MPPT input. MPPT behavior is evaluated using a black-box approach by analyzing tracking loss, overshoot, tracking delay, and recovery time. Overall energy performance is assessed using IEC 61724-1 indicators, namely final yield, performance ratio (PR), and capacity factor (CF). The results show that, despite similar daily irradiance potential, the rooftop PV system in Depok consistently achieves higher energy yield and PR than the system in Jagakarsa. These differences are mainly influenced by local irradiance variability and the dynamic response of MPPT under rapid irradiance fluctuations. Keywords: Rooftop photovoltaic system, MPPT, dynamic response, irradiance fluctuation, tropical climate

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