PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DATA PRIBADI KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA

Sihombing, Pardamean (2026) PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DATA PRIBADI KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mentransformasi perdagangan melalui e-commerce sekaligus meningkatkan pengumpulan dan pemrosesan data pribadi konsumen. Data pribadi sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia berkaitan dengan perlindungan martabat dan hak privasi individu sebagaimana dijamin dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1) dan (4) UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Namun, praktik transaksi e-commerce di Indonesia masih menunjukkan tingginya risiko kebocoran dan penyalahgunaan data pribadi, yang mencerminkan lemahnya efektivitas regulasi dan kelembagaan perlindungan data. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas kerangka hukum nasional dalam melindungi data pribadi konsumen pada platform belanja daring serta menganalisis kelemahan hukum dan kelembagaan melalui perbandingan dengan standar internasional, khususnya GDPR Uni Eropa dan APEC Privacy Framework dengan menggunakan teori kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder meliputi bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder serta bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan, sedangkan analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menekankan pada analisis normatif dan komparatif terhadap pengaturan perlindungan data pribadi konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka hukum nasional, khususnya setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi, telah memberikan dasar perlindungan terhadap hak konsumen atas data pribadinya. Namun, efektivitas perlindungan tersebut masih menghadapi kelemahan pada aspek kelembagaan dan penegakan hukum jika dibandingkan dengan standar GDPR dan APEC Privacy Framework. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kelembagaan, penyempurnaan regulasi turunan, serta peningkatan kapasitas penegakan hukum guna mewujudkan perlindungan data pribadi konsumen yang efektif dalam ekosistem e-commerce di Indonesia/The development of digital technology has transformed commercial activities through e-commerce while simultaneously increasing the collection and processing of consumers’ personal data. Personal data, as part of human rights, is closely related to the protection of individual dignity and the right to privacy, as guaranteed under Article 28H paragraphs (1) and (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, e-commerce transaction practices in Indonesia continue to exhibit a high risk of personal data breaches and misuse, reflecting the limited effectiveness of data protection regulations and institutional frameworks. Therefore, this study examines the effectiveness of the national legal framework in protecting consumers’ personal data on online shopping platforms and analyzes legal and institutional weaknesses by comparing Indonesia’s data protection regime with international standards, particularly the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the APEC Privacy Framework, using the theories of legal certainty and legal protection. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data used consist of secondary data, including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection was conducted through library research, while data analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method, emphasizing normative and comparative analysis of regulations governing the protection of consumers’ personal data in e-commerce transactions. The findings indicate that the national legal framework, particularly following the enactment of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, has provided a legal foundation for safeguarding consumers’ rights over their personal data. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such protection remains constrained by weaknesses in institutional capacity and law enforcement when compared to the standards set by the GDPR and the APEC Privacy Framework. Accordingly, this study concludes that strengthening institutional arrangements, refining implementing regulations, and enhancing law enforcement capacity are necessary to achieve effective protection of consumers’ personal data within Indonesia’s e-commerce ecosystem.

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