Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Dalam Perjanjian Kerja yang Mempergunakan Ijazah Sebagai Jaminan

Wibowo, Nicholas Caesar (2026) Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Dalam Perjanjian Kerja yang Mempergunakan Ijazah Sebagai Jaminan. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Praktik penahanan ijazah asli pekerja sebaga jaminan dalam perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu (PKWT) sering dilakukan pengusaha dengan dalih kebebasan berkontrak, padahal tindakan tersebut berpotensi melanggar hak asasi manusia dan membatasi mobilitas pekerja. Pokok permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja menurut peraturan perundang-undangan ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia terhadap praktik penahanan ijazah, dan upaya hukum pekerja untuk memperoleh ijazah yang ditahan pengusaha serta efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa ketenagakerjaan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 149/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023/PN.Jkt.Pst Jo. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 700 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan didukung bersama data yang didapat melalui data kepustakaan diantaranya buku-buku, peraturan perundang-undangan, jurnaljurnal, putusan pengadilan, maupun internet. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penahanan ijazah tidak memiliki legitimasi hukum, karena bertentangan dengan syarat sah perjanjian dan melanggar hak konstitusional pekerja atas pekerjaan dan kehidupan yang layak. Putusan Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial yang dikuatkan oleh Mahkamah Agung mengkualifikasikan penahanan ijazah sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum dan memerintahkan pengembaliannya. Putusan tersebut dinilai memberikan perlindungan represif yang efektif karena menerapkan sanksi uang paksa (dwangsom) yang memaksa pengusaha untuk segera melaksanakan kewajiban pengembalian ijazah tersebut. / The practice of withholding workers' original diplomas as security in Fixed-Term Employment Agreements is frequently carried out by employers under the pretext of freedom of contract, potentially violating human rights and restricting workers' mobility. The main issues examined include legal protections under Indonesian labor laws, legal remedies to retrieve withheld diplomas, and the effectiveness of dispute resolution based on Decision Number 149/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023/PN.Jkt.Pst Jo. Supreme Court Decision Number 700 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024. This research constitutes normative juridical research employing a statute approach and a case approach, and is supported by data obtained through library research, including books, statutory regulations, journals, court decisions, and internet sources. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the withholding of diplomas lacks legal legitimacy, as it contravenes the validity requirements of an agreement and violates workers' constitutional rights to work and a decent livelihood. The Industrial Relations Court Decision, upheld by the Supreme Court, qualifies the withholding of diplomas as an unlawful act and orders their return. The decision is considered to provide effective repressive protection as it applies a periodic penalty payment (dwangsom) sanction, which compels the employer to immediately fulfill the obligation to return the said diploma.

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