PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU UJARAN KEBENCIAN (HA TE SPEECH) DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM SEJARAH HUKUM DAN PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA

Simaremare, Simon (2024) PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU UJARAN KEBENCIAN (HA TE SPEECH) DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM SEJARAH HUKUM DAN PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku ujaran kebencian (hate speech) di media sosial dalam perspektif sejarah hukum serta dalam konteks pembaruan hukum pidana di Indonesia. Fenomena meningkatnya ujaran kebencian di ruang digital menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi sistem hukum pidana nasional, terutama dalam menyeimbangkan antara kebebasan berekspresi dan perlindungan terhadap hak individu serta ketertiban umum. Kajian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan historis, perundang-undangan, dan konseptual. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, putusan pengadilan, serta dokumen kebijakan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara historis, regulasi terkait ujaran kebencian telah mengalami evolusi seiring dengan perubahan konteks sosial-politik, namun masih terdapat kekaburan norma dalam penerapannya, terutama pada era digital. Dalam konteks pembaruan hukum pidana, Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (RKUHP) menawarkan pendekatan yang lebih sistematis, namun masih menyisakan persoalan batasan definisi dan potensi kriminalisasi berlebihan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya perumusan hukum pidana yang proporsional, kontekstual, dan berbasis pada prinsip hak asasi manusia, agar penegakan hukum terhadap ujaran kebencian tidak melanggar kebebasan fundamental yang dijamin konstitusi. Kata Kunci: ujaran kebencian, media sosial, penegakan hukum, sejarah hukum, pembaruan hukum pidana, RKUHP / This research aims to analyze law enforcement against perpetrators of hate speech on social media from the perspective of legal history and within the context of criminal law reform in Indonesia. The increasing prevalence of hate speech in digital spaces poses new challenges for the national criminal justice system, particularly in balancing freedom of expression with the protection of individual rights and public order. This study employs a normative juridical method using historical, statutory, and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through literature review of legislation, legal literature, court decisions, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that, historically, regulations concerning hate speech have evolved alongside socio-political developments, yet ambiguity in their implementation persists, especially in the digital era. In the context of criminal law reform, the Draft Criminal Code (RKUHP) offers a more systematic approach, but still raises issues regarding definitional boundaries and the risk of over-criminalization. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of formulating criminal law that is proportional, contextual, and grounded in human rights principles, to ensure that the enforcement of hate speech laws does not infringe upon fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. Keywords: hate speech, social media, law enforcement, legal history, criminal law reform, RKUHP /

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