Perkembangan LGBT: Kuasa Simbolik LGBT (Lesbian, Gaysexual, Bisexual, dan Transgender) di Korea Selatan

Kurniati, Michelle Defani Arendina (2024) Perkembangan LGBT: Kuasa Simbolik LGBT (Lesbian, Gaysexual, Bisexual, dan Transgender) di Korea Selatan. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

LGBT (Lesbian, Gaysexual, Bisexual, dan Transgender) merupakan suatu istilah yang digunakan untuk melingkupi kelompok orientasi dan beragam identitas gender. LGBT telah menjadi wacana global dan fenomena gerakan sosial yang terjadi di berbagai penjuru dunia, salah satunya, Korea Selatan. Dengan melekatnya nilai konservatif dan konfusianisme menjadikan Korea Selatan sebagai negara yang tabu akan isu LGBT. Meski diberi label kontroversial, jika dibandingkan dengan nilai-nilai tradisional negara Korea Selatan, fenomena LGBT harus dikaji dari sudut pandang yang lebih akademis, seperti globalisasi dan kuasa simbolik. Dalam konsep kuasa simbolik yang dicetuskan oleh Pierre Bourdieu, komunitas LGBT berperan sebagai agen, sementara strukturnya adalah masyarakat Korea Selatan. Agen memiliki habitus LGBT dan didukung oleh modal ekonomi, modal sosial, modal budaya, dan modal simbolik untuk bersaing dengan habitus konservatif dan konfusianisme dalam ranah struktur masyarakat Korea Selatan. Dengan demikian, kekuasaan simbolik LGBT di Korea Selatan dapat terwujud melalui pertarungan di ranah tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis proses kuasa simbolik LGBT di Korea Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Sumber data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah sumber data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, sementara data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui buku, jurnal, laporan, dan informasi internet yang bertemakan LGBT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik kuasa simbolik LGBT di Korea Selatan melibatkan pemanfaatan berbagai bentuk modal, termasuk modal ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan simbolik. Sinergi antara berbagai bentuk modal tersebut bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengakuan dan penerimaan LGBT dalam masyarakat Korea Selatan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa upaya tersebut mempengaruhi perubahan dalam aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Kata Kunci: LGBT; Kuasa Simbolik; Korea Selatan; Same-sex marriage; Legalisasi. / LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) is a term used to encompass groups with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. LGBT has become a global discourse and a social movement phenomenon occurring in various parts of the world, including South Korea. Given the country's adherence to conservative values and Confucianism, South Korea is considered a place where LGBT issues are still taboo. Despite its controversial label when compared to traditional values in South Korea, the phenomenon of LGBT people needs to be studied from a more academic perspective, such as globalization and symbolic power. In the concept of symbolic power introduced by Pierre Bourdieu, the LGBT community acts as agents, while the structure is South Korean society. The agents possess an LGBT habitus and are supported by economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital to compete with the conservative and Confucianism habitus within the structure of South Korean society. Thus, the symbolic power of LGBT people in South Korea can be realized through the struggle within this arena. This study aims to analyze the symbolic power process for LGBT people in South Korea. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The data sources used by the researchers include primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data collected from books, journals, reports, and internet information on LGBT themes. The findings of this study indicate that the practice of symbolic power by LGBT people in South Korea involves the utilization of various forms of capital, including economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital. The synergy among these forms of capital aims to achieve recognition and acceptance of LGBT people within South Korean society. These findings suggest that such efforts influence economic, social, and cultural changes. Keywords: LGBT; Symbolic Power; South Korea; Same-sex marriage; Legalization.

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