Driven Towards Death – A Psychoanalysis Approach in Interpreting the Novel Kokoro by Natsume Soseki

Parsaulian, Jordan Marcelino (2023) Driven Towards Death – A Psychoanalysis Approach in Interpreting the Novel Kokoro by Natsume Soseki. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengajukan interpretasi penulis, bahwa karakter Sensei dalam novel “Kokoro” karya Natsume Soseki, cocok dalam kategori individu yang terdorong kepada kematian. Melalui pendekatan psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud, penulis diharapkan dapat membuktikan interpretasi penulis melalui analisa yang terpadu. Unsur psikoanalisis yang terdapat dalam novel tersebut meliputi insting, struktur kepribadian dan death drive. Insting manusia menurut Freud terbagi menjadi dua: insting hidup (life instinct) dan insting mati (death instinct). Untuk struktur kepribadian Freud, yang akan dibahas dalam tugas akhir ini adalah id, ego, dan superego. Id, ego, dan superego ini akan menjadi pokok bahasan bagaimana karakter Sensei masuk dalam kategori individu yang terdorong kepada kematian. Metode yang digunakan dalam menjawab rumusan masalah yaitu dengan menggunakan close reading, fokalisasi, dan pengumpulan data. Novel “Kokoro” menceritakan karakter Aku dan Sensei. Dalam tugas akhir ini, focus cerita dalam novel tersebut akan terpaku pada Sensei. Sensei yang menyimpan rahasia tentang masa lalunya yang kelam, bahkan dari istrinya sekalipun, akhirnya memutuskan untuk terbuka terhadap Aku. Akibat satu dan lain hal, Sensei terpaksa menceritakannya melalui surat. Di akhir isi surat tersebut, Sensei menyatakan bahwa dia sudah bunuh diri ketika Aku selesai membaca suratya tersebut, yang juga merupakan surat kematian berisi kesan dan pesan dari Sensei. Hasil penelitian tugas akhir ini ialah, dalam novel “Kokoro”, karakter Sensei merupakan individu yang: 1) memiliki insting hidup dan insting kematian dalam kurun waktu yang berbeda, 2) memiliki id, ego, dan superego yang menjadi bukti bahwa Sensei memiliki ciri terdorong kepada kematian. / This final project aims to attest the author's interpretation that Sensei's character in the novel "Kokoro" by Natsume Soseki, fits into the category of individuals who are driven to death. Through Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, the writer is expected to prove his interpretation through an integrated analysis. Psychoanalytic elements contained in the novel include instincts, structure of personality and death drive. According to Freud, human instincts are divided into two: life instincts and death instincts. In Freud’s structure of personality, the discussed topic will be focused on the id, ego, and superego. Id, ego, and superego will be the subject of how Sensei's character falls into the category of individuals who are driven to death. The method used in answering the research problems is by using close reading, focalization, and data collection. The novel "Kokoro" tells the characters of I and Sensei. I and Sensei are two people met just by chance, unrelated to each other. This final project focuses on Sensei’s part where he tells his past to I. At the end of the contents of the letter, Sensei stated that he had committed suicide. The letter turns out to be Sensei’s testament. The results of this final project are, in the novel "Kokoro", Sensei's character is an individual who: 1) has a life instinct and a death instinct in different periods of time, 2) has an id, ego, and superego which is proof that Sensei has the trait of being driven to death.

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