Hubungan Riwayat Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal pada Pasien Kanker Ovarium di Rumah Sakit Kanker "Dharmais" Periode Juni 2020 - Mei 2021

Slarmanat, Grace Nasya Herlis (2022) Hubungan Riwayat Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal pada Pasien Kanker Ovarium di Rumah Sakit Kanker "Dharmais" Periode Juni 2020 - Mei 2021. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kanker ovarium merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kanker pada perempuan dan berakibat fatal jika tidak terdiagnosis lebih dini. Global Burden of Cancer (GLOBOCAN) menyatakan kanker ovarium menempati urutan kanker kedelapan belas dunia. Di Indonesia, kanker ovarium menempati urutan ketiga setelah kanker serviks dengan mortalitas tinggi. Faktor utama penyebab kanker ovarium belum dipastikan, tetapi terdapat beberapa faktor yang diyakini dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan risiko terkena kanker ovarium. Penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal diduga sebagai salah satu faktor yang signifikan menurunkan risiko kanker ovarium. Kandungan hormon didalamnya memberikan efek protektif terhadap karsinogenesis di ovarium. Intervensi faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi merupakan langkah kemopreventif untuk menurunkan tingginya angka kejadian maupun kematian perempuan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal terhadap kejadian kanker ovarium pada pasien rawat jalan dengan riwayat kista ovarium di Poli Onkologi 2 Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi RS Kanker Nasional “Dharmais”. Metode: Desain penelitian yaitu observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Total subjek penelitian sebanyak 72 pasien kanker ovarium bersumber dari data rekam medis, wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat chi square dengan kemaknaan statistik 0,1 dan tingkat kepercayaan 90%. Hasil: Jenis kontrasepsi hormonal (p=0,408 ) dan penggunaan rutin (p=0,094) tidak berhubungan terhadap kanker ovarium dengan riwayat kista ovarium. Lama penggunaan 0-5 tahun (p=0,027) dan 6-10 tahun (p=0,000) memiliki hubungan bermakna pada pasien kanker ovarium dengan riwayat kista ovarium. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal 0-5 tahun dan 6–10 tahun pada pasien kanker ovarium rawat jalan di Poliklinik Obstetri dan Ginekologi RS Kanker Nasional “Dharmais” periode Juni 2020-Mei 2021. Edukasi dan konseling kontrasepsi hormonal terhadap perlindungan kanker ovarium dibutuhkan sebagai tindakan kemopreventif. Diharapkan angka kejadian maupun kematian pada perempuan di Indonesia akibat kanker ovarium dapat menurun./ Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the main causes of cancer in women and can be fatal if not diagnosed early. The Global Burden of Cancer (GLOBOCAN) states that ovarian cancer ranks eighteenth in the world. In Indonesia, ovarian cancer ranks third after cervical cancer with high mortality. The main factors that cause ovarian cancer have not been determined, but there are several factors that are believed to increase or decrease the risk of developing ovarian cancer. The use of hormonal contraception is thought to be a significant factor in reducing the risk of ovarian cancer. The content of hormones in it provides a protective effect against carcinogenesis in the ovaries. Modifiable risk factor intervention is a chemopreventive step to reduce the high incidence and mortality of women in Indonesia. Objective: To determine the relationship between the history of hormonal contraceptive use and the incidence of ovarian cancer in outpatients with a history of ovarian cysts at the Oncology Poly 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the "Dharmais" National Cancer Hospital. Methods: The research design is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. The total research subjects were 72 ovarian cancer patients sourced from medical record data, interviews and filling out questionnaires using purposive sampling . Data analysis was univariate and bivariate chi square with statistical significance 0.1 and 90% confidence level. Results: Type of hormonal contraception ( p = 0.408) and routine use ( p = 0.094) were not associated with ovarian cancer with a history of ovarian cysts. Duration of use 0-5 years ( p= 0.027) and 6-10 years ( p= 0.000) had a significant relationship in ovarian cancer patients with a history of ovarian cysts. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the length of use of hormonal contraceptives 0-5 years and 6-10 years in outpatient ovarian cancer patients at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of the "Dharmais" National Cancer Hospital for the period June 2020-May 2021. Education and counseling on hormonal contraception on protection Ovarian cancer is needed as a chemopreventive measure. It is hoped that the incidence and mortality of women in Indonesia due to ovarian cancer can decrease.

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