Karakteristik Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI pada Tahun 2018 - 2021

Kurnia, William (2022) Karakteristik Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI pada Tahun 2018 - 2021. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan kondisi medis persisten dimana tekanan darah arteri mengalami peningkatan. Hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ target, salah satunya adalah hipertrofi ventrikel kiri. Keberadaan hipertrofi ventrikel kiri karena hipertensi didefinisikan sebagai penyakit jantung hipertensi, keaadaan ini dapat meningkatkan risiko stroke, penyakit jantung koroner, aneurisma aorta, gagal jantung dan penyakit kardiovaskular lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien penyakit jantung hipertensi di RSU UKI dengan harapan pencegahan dan intervensi dini dapat diterapkan dalam penanganan penyakit jantung hipertensi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan rekam medik. Pada tahun 2018-2021, dari 1238 pasien yang berobat ke poli jantung dan penyakit dalam, dengan metode total sampling dari 677 pasien hipertensi yang berobat melalui poli jantung dan poli penyakit dalam pada tahun 2018-2021, hanya didapatkan 78 sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta terdeteksi gambaran hipertrofi ventrikel kiri pada EKG di RSU UKI periode 2018-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pasien penyakit jantung hipertensi paling banyak berusia 55-64 tahun (32.1 %), berdasarkan jenis kelamin, jumlah laki-laki sebanyak 40 pasien (51.3 %), sedangkan perempuan sebanyak 38 pasien (48.7%.). berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh dan derajat tekanan darah, penderita penyakit jantung hipertensi paling banyak menderita obesitas derajat 1 yaitu 38 pasien (48.7%) dan hipertensi sistolik terisolasi sebanyak 24 pasien (30.8%), dan keluhan utama yang paling sering muncul pada pasien dengan penyakit jantung hipertensi adalah sesak napas sebanyak 39 pasien (50%). Berdasarkan gambaran foto toraks, pasien dengan penyakit jantung hipertensi didapatkan sebanyak 47 pasien (60.3%) yang mempunyai gambaran kardiomegali. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Penyakit Jantung Hipertensi, Hipertrofi Ventrikel Kiri, Karakteristik./ Hypertension or high blood pressure is a persistent medical condition in which arterial blood pressure is elevated. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause target organ damage, one of them is left ventricular hypertrophy. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension is defined as hypertensive heart disease, this condition can increase the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, aortic aneurysm, heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with hypertensive heart disease at UKI General Hospital with the hope that prevention and early intervention can be applied in the treatment of hypertensive heart disease. This study is a descriptive study with a retrospective approach using medical records. In 2018-2021, from 1238 patients who went to the cardiac and internal medicine polyclinics, with a total sampling method of 677 hypertensive patients who entered the cardiac and internal medicine polyclinic in 2018-2021, only 78 samples were obtained that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria and left ventricular hypertrophy was detected on the ECG at the UKI General Hospital in 2018-2021. The results showed that most patients with hypertensive heart disease were aged 55-64 years (32.1%), based on gender, the number of men was 40 patients (51.3%), while women were 38 patients (48.7%.). Based on body mass index and blood pressure level, the most patients with hypertensive heart disease suffer from obesity grade 1, as many as 38 patients (48.7%) and isolated systolic hypertension as many as 24 patients (30.8%), and the most frequently chief complaint occurs in patients with hypertensive heart disease was shortness of breath as many as 39 patients (50%). Based on the chest x-ray, patients with hypertensive heart diseases were found to be 47 patients (60.3%) who had cardiomegaly. Keywords: Hypertension, Hypertensive Heart Disease, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Characteristics

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