Epidemiologi Blastocystis hominis di Asia – Kajian Literatur Sistematik

Theofanny, Tiur (2022) Epidemiologi Blastocystis hominis di Asia – Kajian Literatur Sistematik. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Blastocystis hominis merupakan protozoa usus yang umum ditemukan pada manusia maupun hewan dan menyebabkan blastokistosis. Jalur penularan B. hominis terjadi secara oro-fekal melalui makanan dan minuman yang terkontaminasi disertai dengan sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk. Distribusi perjalanan B. hominis dipengaruhi berbagai macam faktor berdasarkan jenis subtipe yang diderita oleh inangnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran epidemiologi B. hominis di Asia serta faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi penularannya. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur sistematik dengan penelurusan artikel tentang B. hominis di Pubmed® dan Wiley Library dari tahun 2016 hingga 2021 berdasarkan kata kunci. Didapatkan Sembilan dari 25 artikel yang sesuai berdasarkan metode PRISMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor risiko infeksi parasit ini berupa kondisi tempat tinggal, konsumsi air, pekerjaan, pendidikan, kontak dengan hewan, musim, konsumsi anti-parasitik, dan higiene pribadi. Kemudian untuk komorbid terbanyak didapatkan penyakit gagal ginjal kronis, keganasan, dan HIV/AIDS. Metode pemeriksaan yang digunakan adalah mikroskopik, kultur, dan PCR. Gejala klinis B. hominis dapat asimptomatik dan simptomatik. Blastocystis hominis memiliki beberapa subtipe yang memiliki beberapa perbedaan sifat patogenitas dan seringkali terjadi ko-infeksi dengan parasit lain. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, infeksi B. hominis terus meningkat di Asia terutama di negara berkembang. Melalui penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat menambah pemahaman terhadap infeksi yang diakibatkan B. hominis dari sisi patogenesis, manifestasi klinis, faktor risiko, komorbid dan cara mendiagnosisnya sehingga dapat menekan penyebaran B. hominis./ Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoan commonly found in humans and animals and causes blastocystosis. The route of transmission of B. hominis occurs oro-fecally through contaminated food and drink accompanied by poor environmental sanitation. The distribution of B. hominis was influenced by various factors based on the type of subtype suffered by the host. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological description of B. hominis in Asia and what factors influence its transmission. This research is a systematic literature review by searching articles about B. hominis in Pubmed® and Wiley Library from 2016 to 2021 based on keywords. Nine out of 25 articles were found that matched the PRISMA method. The results showed that the risk factors for this parasitic infection were living conditions, water consumption, work, education, contact with animals, season, consumption of anti-parasitics, and personal hygiene. Then for the most comorbid diseases, chronic kidney failure, malignancy, and HIV/AIDS were found. The examination methods used were microscopic, culture, and PCR. Clinical signs of B. hominis can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Blastocystis hominis has several subtypes that have some differences in pathogenicity and often co-infection with other parasites occurs. In recent years, B. hominis infections have continued to increase in Asia, especially in developing countries. Through this study, it is hoped that it can increase understanding of infections caused by B. hominis in terms of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, comorbidities and how to diagnose them so as to suppress the spread of B. hominis.

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