ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PERSONAL GUARANTEE SEBAGAI PIHAK KETIGA DALAM PROSES KEPAILITAN YANG BERKEADILAN DI INDONESIA

Pamungkas, Denas (2025) ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PERSONAL GUARANTEE SEBAGAI PIHAK KETIGA DALAM PROSES KEPAILITAN YANG BERKEADILAN DI INDONESIA. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Judul : Analisis Hukum Terhadap Personal Guarantee Sebagai Pihak Ketiga Dalam Proses Kepailitan Yang Berkeadilan Di Indonesia Personal Guarantee atau penjaminan perorangan telah menjadi suatu praktik yang umum dalam peminjaman kredit, terutama dalam hubungan antara kreditur dan debitur. Personal Guarantee sering dianggap sebagai debitur yang bertanggung jawab atas utang debitur utama. Hal ini tercermin dalam beberapa putusan pengadilan yang menyatakan Personal Guarantee dapat dinyatakan pailit jika debitur utama tidak membayar utangnya. Perjanjian Personal Guarantee sering tidak jelas, sehingga memungkinkan adanya konflik hukum. Jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan ketika penyusunan tesis ialah penelitian yuridis normatif (metode penelitian hukum normatif). Penelitian hukum normatif ialah sebuah proses guna mencari sebuah peraturan, prinsip, ataupun doktrin hukum guna menyelesaikan masalahPenelitian ini menggunkan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (satute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (satute approach) dikarenakan, pendakan ini akan digunakan untuk mengetahui segala peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan topik hukum pada penelitian ini. Sebagai kesimpulan, Pertama. Pengaturan personal guarantee dalam proses kepailitan di Indonesia masih mengandung ketidakpastian hukum, terutama terkait kedudukan penjamin perorangan (personal guarantor) setelah debitur dinyatakan pailit. Meskipun diatur dalam Pasal 1820–1850 KUHPerdata dan UUK-PKPU, terdapat ambiguasi dalam praktik, seperti eksekusi terhadap penjamin sebelum aset debitur disita atau ketidakjelasan hak regres penjamin setelah melunasi utang. Kedua. Personal Guarantee dalam kasus kepailitan memiliki konsekuensi hukum yang serius bagi penjamin (guarantor) menurut hukum positif di Indonesia. Berdasarkan UUK-PKPU dan KUHPerdata, penjamin perorangan dianggap sebagai debitor jika debitor utama gagal memenuhi kewajibannya, sehingga dapat diajukan untuk dipailitkan. Hak-hak penjamin seperti hak regres, subrogasi, dan pembagian utang diatur untuk melindungi kepentingannya, tetapi kewajiban utang tetap mengikat secara hukum. Prinsip keadilan kontraktual menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara kreditor, debitor, dan penjamin. Kata Kunci : Hukum Kepailitan, Personal Guarantee, Pihak Ketiga. / Title: Legal Analysis of Personal Guarantee as a Third Party in a Just Bankruptcy Process in Indonesia A personal guarantee or individual guarantee has become a common practice in credit lending, especially in the relationship between creditors and debtors. A personal guarantee is often considered as a debtor who is responsible for the debt of the main debtor. This is reflected in several court decisions stating that Personal Guarantee can be declared bankrupt if the main debtor does not pay his debt. Personal guarantee agreements are often unclear, allowing for legal conflicts. The type of research used when compiling the thesis is normative legal research (normative legal research method). Normative legal research is a process to find a regulation, principle, or legal doctrine to solve a problem. This research uses the statutory approach method (statute approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The researcher uses the statutory approach (satute approach) because this approach will be used to find out all laws and regulations related to the legal topic in this study. In conclusion, first: The regulation of personal guarantees in the bankruptcy process in Indonesia still contains legal uncertainty, especially regarding the position of individual guarantors after the debtor is declared bankrupt. Although Articles 1820–1850 of the Civil Code and the UUK-PKPU provide rules, there are still unclear situations in practice, like when the guarantor is held responsible before the debtor's assets are taken or the uncertain rights the guarantor has after paying the debt. Second, personal guarantees in bankruptcy cases have serious legal consequences for the guarantor, according to positive Indonesian law. Based on the UUK-PKPU and the Civil Code, an individual guarantor is considered a debtor if the main debtor fails to fulfil his obligations so that he can be filed for bankruptcy. The rights of the guarantor, such as regress rights, subrogation, and debt distribution, are regulated to protect his interests, but debt obligations remain legally binding. The principle of contractual justice emphasises the importance of a balance of rights and obligations between creditors, debtors, and guarantors. Keywords: Bankruptcy Law, Personal Guarantee, Third Party.

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