Pengaruh Mold Temperature dan Holding Pressure terhadap Warpage, Shrinkage, dan Kuat Tarik Komposit Berbasis Polypropylene

Bawono, Julius Andre (2025) Pengaruh Mold Temperature dan Holding Pressure terhadap Warpage, Shrinkage, dan Kuat Tarik Komposit Berbasis Polypropylene. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Material komposit polypropylen dengan penguat berupa kalsium karbonat adalah material baru yang digunakan pada industri kemasan. Material ini lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan material polimer lain karena komposisi polypropilen hanya 76% dan 24% sisanya batu kapur. Penggunaan material komposit ini untuk mengurangi ketergantungan penggunaan resin Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) dan Acrylic Styrene (AS) karena kedua material tersebut sulit terurai dan didaur ulang. Produk “base” yang dibuat dari material ini memiliki cacat warpage yang menimbulkan efek gap ketika produk terpasang dengan komponen lain. Cacat produk tersebut diperbaiki dengan optimasi parameter setting mesin injeksi. Maka, dilakukan penelitian pengaruh mold temperature dan holding pressure terhadap cacat warpage, shrinkage, kuat tarik dan morfologi permukaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan variasi mold temperature yang digunakan adalah 20°C, 40°C, dan 60°C, variasi holding pressure yang digunakan adalah 70 bar, 110 bar, dan 150 bar. Pengujian dilakukan dengan pengukuran dimensi untuk mengetahui warpage produk, pengukuran presentase penyusutan secara transversal dan longitudinal, pengukuran kuat tarik dan pengamatan struktur permukaan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah nilai warpage mengalami penurunan sebesar 29% pada temperatur cetakan tinggi dan meningkat sebesar 84% pada tekanan holding yang tinggi. Presentase penyusutan menurun seiring peningkatan mold temperature dan holding pressure pada arah transversal sebesar 7,14%-9,52% pada tekanan konstan dan 25%-26,29% pada temperatur konstan, pada arah longitudinal sebesar 1,27%-6,21% pada tekanan kostan dan 13,92%-17,95% pada temperatur kostan. Parameter optimal untuk mendapatkan hasil kuat tarik tertinggi sebesar 26,77 MPa adalah pada temperatur cetakan 60°C dan holding pressure 110 bar. Peningkatan temperatur cetakan menyebabkan penurunan warpage dan presentase penyusutan, peningkatan kuat tarik, dan menghasilkan tampilan permukaan glossy. Peningkatan holding pressure menyebabkan peningkatan warpage dan kuat tarik, serta penurunan presentase penyusutan. / Polypropylene composite material with calcium carbonate reinforcement is a new material used in the packaging industry. This material is more environmentally friendly than other polymer materials because the composition of polypropylene is only 76% and the remaining 24% is limestone. The use of this composite material is to reduce dependence on the use of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Acrylic Styrene (AS) resins because both materials are difficult to decompose and recycle. The "base" product made from this material has a warpage defect that causes a gap effect when the product is installed with other components. The product defect is corrected by optimizing the injection machine setting parameters. Therefore, a study was conducted on the effect of mold temperature and holding pressure on warpage defects, shrinkage, tensile strength and surface morphology. This study uses an experimental method with variations in mold temperature used are 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C, variations in holding pressure used are 70 bar, 110 bar, and 150 bar. Testing was carried out by measuring dimensions to determine product warpage, measuring the percentage of shrinkage transversely and longitudinally, measuring tensile strength and observing the surface structure. The results obtained were that the warpage value decreased by 29% at high mold temperatures and increased by 84% at high holding pressure. The percentage of shrinkage decreased with increasing mold temperature and holding pressure in the transverse direction by 7.14%-9.52% at constant pressure and 25%-26.29% at constant temperature, in the longitudinal direction by 1.27%-6.21% at constant pressure and 13.92%-17.95% at constant temperature. The optimal parameters to obtain the highest tensile strength of 26.77 MPa were at a mold temperature of 60°C and a holding pressure of 110 bar. Increasing mold temperature caused a decrease in warpage and percentage of shrinkage, an increase in tensile strength, and a glossy surface appearance. Increasing holding pressure caused an increase in warpage and tensile strength, and a decrease in the percentage of shrinkage.

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