Mengungkap Sistem Intrusif Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara

Elvisnanda, Jessica Natania (2025) Mengungkap Sistem Intrusif Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis rivalritas berkepanjangan antara dua negara sistem intrusif, Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok, dalam sistem subordinat Asia Tenggara. Dianalisis menggunakan teori Sistem Intrusif oleh Louis Cantori dan Steven Spiegel, serta konsep The Winner and The Loser oleh Thomas Oatley. Digunakan untuk mengungkap struktur kawasan yang dibentuk oleh Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok melalui empat variabel, yaitu pengaturan multilateral, pengaturan bilateral, intervensi militer, serta perdagangan dan investasi ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif historisme untuk menganalisis pola interaksi antara kedua kekuatan eksternal dan negara-negara di Asia Tenggara dari masa prasejarah hingga era kontemporer. Melalui metode ini, penelitian dilakukan guna mengidentifikasi transformasi strategi intrusif dan dampaknya terhadap struktur kawasan negara-negara kawasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergeseran sistem intrusif dominan dari Tiongkok pada masa awal hingga bangkitnya Jalur Sutra, menuju dominasi Amerika Serikat sejak Perang Dunia II hingga pasca-Perang Dingin. Namun, dalam dua dekade terakhir, Tiongkok kembali memperkuat posisinya sebagai pemenang. Kehadiran keduanya turut menstrukturalisasi negara-negara kawasan ke dalam dua kategori, Core Sector dan Peripheral Sector yang memiliki tingkat kohesi, kekuatan dan struktur relasi yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa saat ini Tiongkok lebih unggul dalam menjalankan sistem intrusif di Asia Tenggara, khususnya melalui jalur ekonomi dan diplomatik, membawa negara-negara Core Sector menjadi pemenang. Sedangkan Amerika Serikat serta negara-negara Peripheral Sector menjadi pihak yang kalah dari rivalritas sistem intrusif di Asia Tenggara. Rivalritas sistem intrusif berujung pada stabilitasi kawasan. / This study analyzes the prolonged rivalry between two intrusive system powers, the United States and China, within the subordinate system, Southeast Asia. It is examined using the Intrusive System theory by Louis Cantori and Steven Spiegel, as well as the concept of The Winner and The Loser by Thomas Oatley. These frameworks are used to reveal the regional structure shaped by the United States and China through four variables, multilateral arrangement, bilateral arrangement, military intervention, and economic trade and investment. This research employs a qualitative historicism method to analyze patterns of interaction between the two external powers and Southeast Asian countries from prehistoric times to the contemporary era. Through this method, the study aims to identify the transformation of intrusive strategies and their impact on the region. The findings indicate a shift in dominance within the intrusive system, from China during the early period up to the rise of the Silk Road, to the United States since World War II until the post-Cold War period. However, over the past two decades, China has reasserted its position as the winner. The presence of both powers has structurally divided Southeast Asian countries into two categories, the Core Sector and the Peripheral Sector, each characterized by varying levels of cohesion, power, and structure of relations. This study concludes that China currently holds a superior position in executing its intrusive system in Southeast Asia, particularly through economic and diplomatic means, positioning Core Sector countries on the same boat. Meanwhile, the United States and the Peripheral Sector countries have emerged as the losers in the rivalry of intrusive systems in Southeast Asia. Rivalry of the intrusive systems leads to regional stabilization.

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