Analisis Yuridis Pembelaan Terpaksa Terhadap Kasus Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 18/PID.B/2020/PN BUL)

Sinaga, David (2024) Analisis Yuridis Pembelaan Terpaksa Terhadap Kasus Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 18/PID.B/2020/PN BUL). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pembelaan Terpaksa (noodweer) sudah lama dikenal dan diatur di dalam Kitab Undang – Undang Hukum Pidana yang diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 49 KUHP. Dalam pasal ini apabila seseorang mendapati suatu serangan atau ancaman, dapat membela/melindungi dirinya dari serangan atau ancaman tersebut. Jadi walaupun perbuatan tersebut melawan hukum tidak dapat dipidana apabila memenuhi rumusan delik. Dikarenakan dalam ketentuan Pasal 49 KUHP dikenal dengan adanya alasan penghapus pidana, yaitu alasan yang memungkinkan seseorang melakukan perbuatan yang seharusnya perbuatan itu membela/melindungi diri tidak dipidana. Salah satu alasan penghapus pidana, yaitu alasan yang menghilangkan sifat melawan hukumnya suatu perbuatan. Walaupun perbuatannya melanggar undang- undang, karena alasan pembenar pelanggar tidak dipidana, artinya sifat perbuatan melawan hukumnya hilang maka pelanggar tidak harus mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya. Dalam memfokuskan pada permasalahan penelitian ini bagaimana suatu tindakan dikategorikan sebagai pembelaan terpaksa berdasarkan ketentuan hukum pidana Indonesia dan pertimbangan hukumnya Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bulo Nomor 18/Pid.B/2020/PN Bul, Tanggal 18 Mei 2020. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan metode hukum normatif (penelitian berdasarkan studi kepustakaan), dan menggunakan teori pemidanaan dan teori alasan penghapus pidana, dan data yang digunakan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer yaitu, perundang-undangan dan putusan bahan hukum sekunder berupa literature, hasil pengkajian, jurnal. Kemudian bahan hukum tertier berupa kamus hukum, ensiklopedia, grossary, lalu disusun dan dianalisis bahan-bahan yang sudah terkumpul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdakwa memenuhi semua unsur-unsur pembelaan terpaksa yang diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 49 Ayat (1) KUHP, bahwa terdakwa terbukti melakukan tindak pidana penganiayaan tetapi terdakwa tidak dipidana karena tindakannya tersebut memenuhi unsur pembelaan terpaksa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini suatu tindakan yang dikatakan sebagai pembelaan terpaksa adanya serangan dan ancaman. Kata Kunci: Pembelaan Terpaksa, Tindak Pidana, Penganiayaan. / Forced Defense (noodweer) has long been known and regulated in the Criminal Code which is regulated in the provisions of Article 49 of the Criminal Code. In this article, if someone experiences an attack or threat, they can defend/protect themselves from the attack or threat. So, even though the act is against the law, it cannot be punished if it meets the definition of a crime. This is because in the provisions of Article 49 of the Criminal Code, it is known that there are reasons for expunging a crime, namely reasons that allow someone to commit an act which should be to defend/protect themselves without being punished. One of the reasons for eliminating a crime is a reason that eliminates the unlawful nature of an act. Even though the act violates the law, for reasons of justification the violator is not punished, meaning that the unlawful nature of the act is lost, so the violator does not have to be held responsible for his actions. In focusing on this research problem, how can an action be categorized as a forced defense based on the provisions of Indonesian criminal law and the legal considerations in Bulo District Court Decision Number 18/Pid.B/2020/PN Bul, May 18 2020. This research method is a normative legal method (research based on literature study), the data used is secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, namely, legislation and decisions, secondary legal materials in the form of literature, study results, journals. Then tertiary legal materials in the form of legal dictionaries, encyclopedias, grossaries, then compiled and analyzed the materials that have been collected. The results of the research showed that the defendant fulfilled all the elements of forced defense as regulated in the provisions of Article 49 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, that the defendant was proven to have committed the crime of abuse but the defendant was not convicted because his actions fulfilled the elements of forced defense. Keywords: Forced Defense, Crime, Persecution.

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