Kebijakan Kriminal tentang Hukum Pelaksanaan Pidana Terhadap Pemberantasan Kekerasan Seksual dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia

Laia, Sri Wahyuni (2024) Kebijakan Kriminal tentang Hukum Pelaksanaan Pidana Terhadap Pemberantasan Kekerasan Seksual dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia. S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Judul Disertasi : Kebijakan Kriminal Tentang Hukum Pelaksanaan Pidana Terhadap Pemberantasan Kekerasan Seksual Dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Kriminal, Hukum Pelaksanaan Pidana, Kekerasan Seksual, Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia Kekerasan seksual masih marak terjadi di Indonesia, meskipun Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dan Pemerintah telah membentuk UU No. 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS). TPKS terjadi pada semua lingkungan kehidupan manusia, baik ranah privat (seperti rumah tangga), ranah publik dan komunitas (seperti tempat kerja atau lingkungan pendidikan), maupun ranah penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Kekerasan seksual yang terjadi semakin meningkat dan beragam motifnya. Untuk menanggulanginya diperlukan upaya komprehensif. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab 3 (tiga) rumusan masalah berikut: 1) apakah pengaturan kekerasan seksual di Indonesia telah berlangsung dengan baik dalam perspektif sejarah? 2) mengapa kekerasan seksual perlu diatur dalam UU TPKS sebagai lex specialis? dan 3) bagaimana kebijakan kriminal terhadap pengaturan kekerasan seksual menurut sistem hukum pidana di Indonesia dan pelaksanaan pidananya? Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian sosio legal, dengan menggunakan teori kebijakan kriminal, teori sistem hukum, dan teori viktimologi Muladi sebagai pisau analisis, serta menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme kritis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dalam perspektif Sejarah sebelum lahirnya UU TPKS, kebijakan kriminal terhadap pengaturan kekerasan seksual belum komprehensif. Namun, setelah lahirnya UU TPKS, kebiajakan kriminal untuk menanggulangi TKPS sudah cukup bagus, karena penanganannya tidak semata pada penghukuman terhadap pelaku tetapi juga upaya pemulihan terhadap korban serta rehabilitasi pelaku. UU TPKS hadir sebagai lex spesialis dari KUHP yang juga mengatur kekerasan seksual. Meski demikian, penanganan TPKS bersarkan UU TPKS perlu diperbaharui dan dipertegas, karena selain masih ada peraturan pelaksana yang diterbitkan berdasarkan perintah UU TPKS, aparat penegak hukum juga masih belum konsiten menerapkan UU TPKS. Peneliti menyarankan agar penerapan sarana penal dalam penanganan kekerasan seksual harus secara efektif membuat pelaku menjadi jera dan juga memprioritaskan pemulihan korban, dengan tujuan untuk sebisa mungkin mengembalikan korban ke kondisi sebelum mengalami kekerasan seksual. Pemerintah juga perlu segera menyelenggarakan pelatihan terpadu penanganan TPKS. / ABSTRACT Dissertation Title : Criminal Policy on Criminal Implementation Law on the Eradication of Sexual Violence in the Indonesian Criminal Law System Keywords : Criminal Policy, Criminal Implementation Law, Sexual Violence, Indonesian Criminal Law System Sexual violence remains prevalent in Indonesia, despite the enactment of Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (Law on Sexual Violence Crimes - "UU TPKS") by the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Government. Sexual violence occurs in all spheres of human life, including the private sphere (such as domestic settings), the public and community spheres (such as workplaces or educational institutions), and in the realm of public service provision. The incidence of sexual violence has continued to increase, with diverse and evolving motives. To address this, comprehensive efforts are necessary. This research seeks to answer the following three issues: 1) Has the regulation of sexual violence in Indonesia historically been adequate? 2) Why is it necessary to regulate sexual violence through the UU TPKS as a lex specialis? and 3) How does criminal policy regulate sexual violence under the Indonesian criminal law system, and how are its sanctions implemented? To address these issues, the researcher employs a socio-legal research methodology, utilizing criminal policy theory, legal system theory, and Muladi’s theory of victimology as analytical tools, framed within a critical constructivist paradigm. Based on the findings and analysis, from a historical perspective, prior to the enactment of the UU TPKS, criminal policy concerning the regulation of sexual violence was not comprehensive. However, following the promulgation of the UU TPKS, criminal policy aimed at combating sexual violence has improved significantly, as it not only focuses on punishing the perpetrators but also emphasizes the recovery of victims and the rehabilitation of offenders. The UU TPKS serves as a lex specialis to the Criminal Code (KUHP), which also regulates sexual violence. Nonetheless, the handling of sexual violence under the UU TPKS requires further refinement and clarification. In addition to the fact that certain implementing regulations mandated by the UU TPKS are still pending, law enforcement officers have yet to consistently apply the provisions of the UU TPKS. The researcher recommends that the application of penal measures in handling sexual violence should effectively deter perpetrators and prioritize the recovery of victims, with the aim of restoring them, as far as possible, to their pre-violence condition. The government must also promptly organize integrated training programs for the handling of sexual violence cases in accordance with the UU TPKS.

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