Cognitive, Motoric, and Linguistic Impairment in Children Born at Term in Association with Fetal Growth Restriction and Small for Gestational Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Simanjuntak, Tigor Peniel and Punia, I Made DAM and Vighneshwara, Dewa (2024) Cognitive, Motoric, and Linguistic Impairment in Children Born at Term in Association with Fetal Growth Restriction and Small for Gestational Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 16 (6). pp. 756-760.

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Abstract

Aims and background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) poses a risk for neurodevelopmental impairment in the fetus. Hence, a literature review is essential to understand the correlation between cognitive, motoric, and linguistic impairments in term-born children who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA), particularly concerning FGR and small for gestational age (SGA) conditions. Materials and methods: Studies were reviewed through medical databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. The keywords used were FGR and cognitive and motoric and language following Boolean operator rules. The written study was analyzed and synthesized through qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study quality was analyzed for presence of bias; non-randomized studies were evaluated and scored using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Results: There were 5 studies with a total sample of 550. Fetal growth restriction are significant influencing impairment in cognitive [MD –0.37 (–0.55, –0.18); 95% CI; z = 3.91; p < 0.0001], motoric [MD –3.53 (–4.63, –2.43); z = 6.29; p < 0.00001], linguistic [MD –8.02 (–14.77, –1.26); 95% CI; z = 2.32; p = 0.02] compared with AGA. Overall, the included non-randomized studies had an average MINORS score of 18–22. Conclusion: Children born at term with FGR exhibited significant impairments in cognitive, motoric, and linguistic development compared with children born with AGA. Clinical significance: Development impairment in cognitive, motoric and linguistic are found to be significant in children born at term. Keywords: Fetal growth restriction, Small for gestational age, Motoric impairment cognitive impairment, Linguistic impairment. Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2024): 10.5005/jp-journals-10006-2529 Introduction Fetal

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