Hubungan antara Irama Sirkadian dengan Mikrobiota Saluran Pencernaan pada Hewan Coba – Ulasan Literatur Sistematik

Inzaghi, Muhammad Taufik Yuki (2021) Hubungan antara Irama Sirkadian dengan Mikrobiota Saluran Pencernaan pada Hewan Coba – Ulasan Literatur Sistematik. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Irama sirkadian adalah siklus endongen yang memiiki periode satu rotasi Bumi. Siklus ini bersifat biologis/ fisiologis, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal. Siklus tidur–bangun merupakan salah satu bentuk irama sirkadian dalam tubuh organisme hidup, yang dipengaruhi oleh siklus terang–gelap. Irama sirkadian mengatur fluktuasi fungsi organ tubuh, salah satunya saluran pencernaan. Pada saluran pencernaan terdapat komunitas mikroorganisme yang disebut mikrobiota saluran pencernaan, yang memiliki berbagai peran dalam mengatur proses metabolisme. Kelainan siklus tidur–bangun pada irama sirkadian terjadi akibat ketidaksesuaian irama sirkadian endogen dengan lingkungan luar, dan dapat mempengaruhi fungsi saluran pencernaan dan mikrobiota yang mendiaminya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ulasan literatur sistematik untuk menganalisis artikel-artikel penelitian eksperimental pada hewan coba mengenai irama sirkadian dengan mikrobiota saluran pencernaan. Didapatkan 31 artikel dengan pencarian “circadian rhythm AND gut microbiota”, selanjutnya diambil 5 artikel sesuai dengan karakteristik, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data diolah kedalam tabel menggunakan Microsoft Word dan Excel 2010. Hasil penelitian didapatkan irama sirkadian mempengaruhi mikrobiota saluran pencernaan, jika diberikan faktor predisposisi lain, seperti penggantian pola dan jenis makanan, gangguan waktu tidur, penggantian zona waktu, maupun gangguan endogen seperti delesi faktor genetik yang berperan dalam irama sirkadian, yaitu Bmal1, Clock, dan Per. Kata kunci: irama sirkadian, mikrobiota saluran pencernaan, gangguan tidur. / Circadian rhythms are the endogenous cycles that have a periodicity of about 24 hours. These cycles are biological/ physiological, but with behavioral manifestations as well. The sleep–wake cycle is one of the circadian rhythms in living organisms and, as with other circadian rhythms, is synchronized with the light–dark cycle. Circadian rhythm influence organs’ function fluctuation, one of them is gastrointestinal tract. On gastrointestinal tract, resides community of microorganism called gut microbiota, which have various roles in regulating metabolic processes. Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders result from malalignment of the endogenous circadian rhythm with the external environment, and can affect gastrointestinal tract function and microbiota within it. This study was conducted using a systematic literature review method to analyze experimental research on murine articles, on the relation between circadian rhythm with gut microbiota. There were 31 articles found from the search for “circadian rhythm AND gut microbiota”, then 5 articles were taken according to the characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were processed into table using Microsoft Word and Excel 2010. The results showed that circadian rhythm can affect gut microbiota, if the predisposition factors were given, such as changing food pattern and type, sleep disturbance, time zone changes, as well as endogenous disorders such as deletion of genetic factors that play a role in circadian rhythm, namely Bmal1, Clock, and Per. Keyword: circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder.

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