Hubungan Pola Makan dan Index Massa Tubuh dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA 14 Jakarta Tahun 2018

Samhari, Prabu Suja (2019) Hubungan Pola Makan dan Index Massa Tubuh dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA 14 Jakarta Tahun 2018. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Anemia merupakan keadaan dimana massa eritrosit dan massa hemoglobin yang beredar tidak memenuhi fungsinya untuk menyediakan oksigen bagi jaringan tubuh. Anemia, selain disebabkan oleh defisiensi zat besi dapat juga disebabkan oleh defisiensi berbagai zat gizi yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap metabolisme zat besi di dalam tubuh, seperti Vitamin A, Vitamin C, B12, asam folat, zinc, dan protein. Penyebab utama anemia pada remaja putri adalah karena kurangnya asupan zat gizi melalui makanan sedangkan kebutuhan zat besinya relatif tinggi untuk pertumbuhan dan menstruasi. Hasil penelitian pada 40 orang siswi SMA 14 Jakarta didapatkan remaja putri yang > 3 kali perminggu mengkonsumsi makanan berlemak, makanan berprotein tinggi, sayuran, buah, dan makanan yang manis sebesar 77,5% (31 responden), IMT normal (IMT 18,5-25,0) yaitu sebesar 85% (34 responden), tidak mengalami anemia yaitu sebesar 77,5% (31 responden). Diperoleh bahwa dari total 9 responden yang pola makan ≤ 3 kali perminggu mengkonsumsi makanan berlemak, makanan berprotein tinggi, sayuran, buah, dan makanan yang manis sebagian besar mengalami anemia sebanyak 5 responden (55,6%) .Sedangkan dari total 31 responden yang pola makan > 3 kali perminggu mengkonsumsi makanan berlemak, makanan berprotein tinggi, sayuran, buah, dan makanan yang manis sebagian besar tidak menglami anemia yaitu sebanyak 27 responden (87,1%). Diperoleh bahwa dari total 6 responden yang IMT kategori kurus (IMT ≤ 17) sebagian besar responden mengalami anemia sebanyak 4 responden (66,7%), sedangkan dari total 34 responden yang IMT kategori normal (IMT 18,5-25,0) sebagian besar responden tidak mengalami anemia yaitu sebanyak 29 responden (85,3%). Kata Kunci : Pola makan, IMT, Anemia. / Anemia is a condition where the erythrocyte mass and circulating hemoglobin mass do not fulfill its function to provide oxygen to the body's tissues. Anemia, besides being caused by iron deficiency can also be caused by a deficiency of various nutrients that contribute to iron metabolism in the body, such as Vitamin A, Vitamin C, B12, folic acid, zinc, and protein. The main cause of anemia in young women is due to a lack of nutrient intake through food while the iron needs are relatively high for growth and menstruation. The results of the study on 40 high school 14 Jakarta students found that girls who> 3 times consumed fatty foods, high protein foods, vegetables, fruits, and sweet foods were 77.5% (31 respondents), normal BMI (BMI 18.5). -25.0) that is equal to 85% (34 respondents), did not experience anemia that is equal to 77.5% (31 respondents). It was found that out of a total of 9 respondents who ate ≤ 3 times a week eating fatty foods, high protein foods, vegetables, fruits and sweet foods were mostly anemic as many as 5 respondents (55.6%). While a total of 31 respondents were patterned eating> 3 times a week consuming fatty foods, high protein foods, vegetables, fruits, and sweet foods mostly did not have anemia, namely as many as 27 respondents (87.1%). It was found that out of a total of 6 respondents who were underweight categories (BMI T 17) the majority of respondents experienced anemia as many as 4 respondents (66.7%), whereas from a total of 34 respondents who had a normal category BMI (BMI 18.5-25.0) the number of respondents did not experience anemia as many as 29 respondents (85.3%). Keywords: Diet, BMI, Anemia.

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