Tinjauan Yuridis Perbuatan Tercela dalam Pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Hutagalung, Aricho Perisa (2018) Tinjauan Yuridis Perbuatan Tercela dalam Pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Amandemen atau perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 tidak bertujuan untuk mengganti akan tetapi hanyalah sebagai suatu prosedur penyempurnaan agar tercapainya pemerintahan yang lebih demokratis. Salah satu perubahan itu diantaranya adalah Proses pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden yang mulai diatur dalam konstitusi Indonesia pada Pasal 7A Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun1945 hasil Perubahan Ketiga. Dalam pasal tersebut terdapat beberapa alasan-alasan mengenai pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden, penulis lebih mengarah kepada istilah atau frasa “Perbuatan Tercela” sesuai dengan judul skripsi ini, Tinjauan Yuridis Perbuatan Tercela dalam Pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Adapun rumusan permasalahan yang hendak diungkap adalah: Bagaimana proses pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden serta bagaimana kriteria perbuatan tercela menurut norma dan peraturan perundang undangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dan terapan. Penelitian yang bersifat preskriptif merupakan penelitian hukum dalam rangka untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum, maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder. Sumber data sekunder yang digunakan mencakup bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui studi kepustakaan berupa buku-buku literatur, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta pengumpulan data melalui media elektronik yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan teknik analisis data dengan logika deduktif, yaitu dari pegajuan premis major (pernyataan bersifat umum) kemudian diajukan premis minor (bersifat khusus), dari kedua premis itu kemudian ditarik suatu kesimpulan. UUD 1945 sebelum perubahan tidak ada pengaturan mengenai prosedur pemberhentian presiden dan/ atau wakil presiden dalam masa jabatan namun dalam praktek yang terjadi, ada dua presiden yang diberhentikan di tengan masa jabatannya yaitu Presiden Soekarno dan Presiden Abdurahman Wahid. Kemudian setelah perubahan UUD 1945 maka dibuatlah suatu pengaturan mengenai proses pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden pada Pasal 7A dan 7B agar proses pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden tidak hanya bersifat politis tetapi juga memiliki sifat yurridis dimana DPR memberikan usul terlebih dahulu kepada MK untuk memeriksa dan memutus untuk diserahkan pada MPR. Lalu penulis melihat dalam Pasal 7A yang berisi mengenai beberapa alasan-alasan mengenai pemberhentian Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden terdapat istilah “perbuatan tercela”, yang dimana memiliki sifat muktitafsir serta penjelasan mengenai istilah ini juga tidak jelas dan walaupun sudah ditafsirkan pada Pasal 10 ayat 3 huruf d masih kurang jelas dan kabur, oleh karena itu kemungkinan besar alasan ini dapat menjadi “permainan politik” para anggota DPR dengan cara memulti-tafsirkan rumusan ketentuan pasal tersebut dengan tujuan yang memang sengaja untuk menjatuhkan Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden. / Amendments or changes to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia are not intended to replace them but only as an improvement procedure to achieve a more democratic government. One of these changes includes the process of dismissing the President and/or Vice President which has begun to be regulated in the Indonesian constitution in Article 7A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as a result of the Third Amendment. In this article there are several reasons regarding the dismissal of the President and/or Vice President, the author focuses more on the term or phrase "Disgraceful Acts" in accordance with the title of this thesis, Juridical Review of Disgraceful Acts in the Dismissal of the President and/or Vice President Based on Law The Foundation of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. The formulation of the problem to be revealed is: What is the process for dismissing the President and/or Vice President and what are the criteria for disgraceful acts according to the norms and laws and regulations in Indonesia. This research includes a type of normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied. Prescriptive research is legal research in order to discover legal rules, legal principles and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The type of data used is secondary data. Secondary data sources used include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The data collection technique used is through literature study in the form of literature books, statutory regulations, as well as data collection through electronic media related to the problem being studied. The data analysis technique used is using data analysis techniques with deductive logic, namely by stating a major premise (general statement) then submitting a minor premise (specific in nature), from these two premises a conclusion is then drawn. Before the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, there were no regulations regarding procedures for dismissing the president and/or vice president during their term of office, but in practice, there were two presidents who were dismissed in the middle of their term of office, namely President Soekarno and President Abdurahman Wahid. Then, after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, a regulation was made regarding the process of dismissing the President and/or Vice President in Articles 7A and 7B so that the process of dismissing the President and/or Vice President was not only political but also had a juridical character where the DPR gave a proposal first to the Constitutional Court to examine and decide to submit to the MPR. Then the author saw that in Article 7A, which contains several reasons for the dismissal of the President and/or Vice President, there is the term "disgraceful act", which has the nature of muktatasir and the explanation of this term is also unclear and even though it has been interpreted in Article 10 paragraph 3 letter d is still unclear and vague, therefore it is very likely that this reason could be a "political game" by members of the DPR by interpreting the formulation of the provisions of this article with the deliberate aim of overthrowing the President and/or Vice President.

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