Profil Asupan Makronutrien pada Kejadian Balita Stunting di Desa Babakan Mandang Gunung Pancar Sentul Bogor Tahun 2023

Surbakti, Agina (2024) Profil Asupan Makronutrien pada Kejadian Balita Stunting di Desa Babakan Mandang Gunung Pancar Sentul Bogor Tahun 2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Stunting adalah gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang berdasarkan standar pertumbuhan ditandai dengan nilai z-score kurang dari -2 SD sampai dengan -3 SD (pendek/stunted) dan kurang dari -3 SD (sangat pendek/severely stunted) akibat infeksi berulang dan kekurangan gizi kronis. Stunting dapat berhubungan dengan penurunan perkembangan motorik dan kemampuan fungsi kognitif, kerentanan terhadap penyakit, serta postur tubuh suboptimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data antropometri balita stunting dan non stunting serta mengetahui profil energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak pada balita stunting dan non stunting di Desa Babakan Mandang, Gunung Pancar Sentul, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional (potong lintang). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner food recall 2x24 jam dan aplikasi nutrisurvey untuk mengetahui jumlah asupan makronutrien. Berdasarkan penelitian yang diadakan pada Desa Babakan Mandang didapatkan responden sebanyak 23 balita stunting dan 21 balita non stunting, yang mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan dan berumur 1-3 tahun. Balita stunting mayoritas mengalami kekurangan asupan energi dengan presentase 69,6%, asupan karbohidrat dengan presentase 82,6% dan asupan lemak dengan presentase 52,2% serta balita non stunting mayoritas mengalami kekurangan asupan karbohidrat dengan presentase 57,1 %. Kekurangan serta tidak seimbangnya asupan makronutrien, kurangnya variasi makanan, dan ketidakteraturan pola makan dapat menjadi penyebab dominasi jumlah balita stunting di wilayah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, bagi orang tua yang memiliki balita dengan gizi kurang maupun normal dan atau kondisi stunting diharapkan untuk memperhatikan keseimbangan asupan makanan yang dikonsumsi balita agar nutrisi balita tercukupi sesuai dengan kebutuhan setiap balita sehingga tidak menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. / Stunting is a growth and development disorder in children which, based on growth standards, is characterized by a z-score value of less than -2 SD to -3 SD (short/stunted) and less than -3 SD (very short/severely stunted) due to recurrent infections and chronic malnutrition. Stunting can be associated with decreased motor development and cognitive function abilities, susceptibility to disease, and suboptimal body posture. This study aims to determine the anthropometric data of stunting and non-stunting toddlers and determine the energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat profiles of stunting and non-stunting toddlers in Babakan Mandang Village, Gunung Pancar Sentul, Bogor Regency, West Java. This research uses a quantitative descriptive research method with a cross sectional design. The data collection technique was carried out using a 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire and the nutrisurvey application to determine the amount of macronutrient intake. Based on research conducted in Babakan Mandang Village, respondents found that there were 23 stunted toddlers and 21 non-stunting toddlers, the majority of whom were female and aged 1-3 years. The majority of stunted toddlers experience a lack of energy intake with a percentage of 69.6%, carbohydrate intake with a percentage of 82.6% and fat intake with a percentage of 52.2% and the majority of non-stunting toddlers experience a lack of carbohydrate intake with a percentage of 57.1%. Deficiencies and unbalanced macronutrient intake, lack of food variety, and irregular eating patterns can be the cause of the predominance of the number of stunted toddlers in the region. Therefore, parents who have toddlers with malnutrition or normal and/or stunting conditions are expected to pay attention to the balance of food intake consumed by toddlers so that the toddler's nutrition is adequate according to the needs of each toddler so that it does not hinder their growth and development.

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