Prevalensi Malnutrisi pada Lansia Berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) di Panti Jompo Kota Batam pada Desember Tahun 2022

Tambunan, Arvin Hardian (2023) Prevalensi Malnutrisi pada Lansia Berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) di Panti Jompo Kota Batam pada Desember Tahun 2022. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Malnutrisi merujuk pada kondisi ketika tubuh tidak mendapatkan cukup asupan gizi yang diperlukan. Malnutrisi juga dapat dijelaskan sebagai keadaan yang timbul akibat ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi makanan dan kebutuhan gizi yang diperlukan untuk menjaga kesehatan tubuh. Malnutrisi pada lanjut usia merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang serius dikarenakan perubahan piramida usia di seluruh dunia. Lanjut usia merupakan penduduk yang telah mencapai fase akhir kehidupan manusia, dimana seseorang sudah mencapai usia 60 (enam puluh) tahun ke atas. Meningkatnya penduduk lansia menandakan adanya peningkatan usia harapan hidup. Semakin bertambahnya usia, Lansia rentan terhadap gangguan fungsional, asupan nutrisi serta masalah ekonomi. Akibatnya sangat mudah bagi lanjut usia mengalami penurunan asupan nutrsi yang memicu masalah gizi pada lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Mini Nutritional Assessment untuk mengidentifikasi status gizi lansia. Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan sejauh mana prevalensi malnutrisi pada lansia di Panti Jompo Kota Batam pada bulan Desember 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, yang menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 65 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Mini Nutritional Assessment, 10 orang responden (15.4%) memiliki status gizi normal, 30 orang (46.2%) berisiko mengalami malnutrisi, dan 25 orang (38.5%) mengalami malnutrisi. Ketika dilihat berdasarkan jenis kelamin, lansia laki-laki mendominasi dengan 13 orang (20.0%) berisiko mengalami malnutrisi, sementara 14 orang (21.5%) mengalami malnutrisi. Kata kunci : Malnutrisi, Lansia, Peningkatan Usia Harapan Hidup, Mini Nutritional Assessment. / Malnutrition is a condition in which the body does not get enough of the nutrients it needs. Malnutrition can also be explained as a condition that results from an imbalance between food consumption and the nutritional requirements needed to maintain a healthy body. Malnutrition in the elderly is a serious global health problem due to the changing age pyramid around the world. The elderly is a population that has reached the final stage of human life, where a person has reached the age of 60 (sixty) years and above. The increase in the elderly population indicates an increase in life expectancy. With increasing age, the elderly are vulnerable to functional disorders, nutritional intake and economic problems. As a result, it is very easy for the elderly to experience a decrease in nutritional intake, which triggers nutritional problems in the elderly. This study used the Mini Nutritional Assessment to determine the nutritional status of the elderly. The aim was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly at the Batam City Nursing Home in December 2022. The research method used was descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The research sample consisted of 65 respondents selected using total sampling technique. The results showed that based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment, 10 respondents (15.4%) had normal nutritional status, 30 people (46.2%) were at risk of malnutrition and 25 people (38.5%) were malnourished. In terms of gender, the male elderly dominated with 13 people (20.0%) at risk of malnutrition, while 14 people (21.5%) were malnourished. Keywords : Malnutrition, Elderly, Increased Life Expectancy, Mini Nutritional Assessment

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