Tinjauan Politik Hukum Pidana Dan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme Kontemporer di Indonesia

Siregar, Muhammad Rizal (2022) Tinjauan Politik Hukum Pidana Dan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Pemberantasan Terorisme Kontemporer di Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Terorisme menjadi ancaman global bagi stabilitas keamanan nasional maupun internasional. Aksi kejahatan terorisme memiliki jaringan dan organisasi yang bersifat nasional dan global dengan karakteristik konsep dunia modern yakni perang antara state actor melawan ancaman non state actor sehingga faktor pemicu bangkitnya radikalisme dan terorisme di Indonesia adalah sebuah embrio suatu gerakan kejahatan terorisme klasik menuju gerakan aksi terorisme kontemporer mengingat jaringan terorsime kontemporer memanfaatkan instrumen teknologi sebagai instrumen indoktrinasi. Kejahatan terorisme kontemporer secara umum memiliki latar belakang motif yang mengindikasikan terorisme berhubungan erat dengan masa lalu, keadaan sekarang dan harapan di masa depan. Penyebab utama motif pelaku kejahatan terorisme disebabkan adanya ketiadakadilan, kemiskinan, keterbelakangan dan ketertindasan sebagian kelompok masyarakat di suatu negara terutama Negara-negara Muslim disebabkan oleh ideologi imperialisme global dengan baju neo-liberalisme yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap lahirnya fenomena terorisme. Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB) dalam kongresnya di Wina Austria tahun 2000 mengangkat tema The Prevention of Crime and The Treatment of Offenders, antara lain menyebutkan terorisme sebagai suatu perkembangan perbuatan dengan kekerasan yang perlu mendapat perhatian dunia global. Pemerintah Indonesia merespon atas Resolusi PBB pada tanggal 7 Maret 2006 dengan meratifikasi “Konvensi Internasional tentang Penentangan dan Pemboman oleh Teroris tahun 1997 “Internasional Convention for Suppression of Terrorist Bombing, Konvensi Internasional tentang Menentang Pendanaan untuk teroris tahun 1999, International Convention for The Suppression of the financing Terrorism” menjadi undang-undang UU No. 15 Tahun 2003 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti UU No. 1 Tahun 2002 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme dan telah dilakukan perubahan dalam UU No. 5 Tahun 2018 Tentang Perubahan Atas UU No. 15 Tahun 2003 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti UU No. 1 Tahun 2002 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme. Bahwa kejahatan terorisme sebagai kejahatan luat biasa “extraordinary crime” maka dibutuhkan skema peraturan perundang-undangan dalam perspektif tinjauan politik hukum pidana yang memberikan amanah pada TNI/POLRI dan intelijen melakukan upaya penegakan hukum dan menekankan upaya yang integratif dan komprehensif dengan pendekatan hard approach dan soft approach melalui program deradikalisasi yang menyentuh akar persoalan, yakni ideologi, sosial, ekonomi dan ketidakadilan yang merupakan langkah peran negara dalam pengendalian kejahatan terorisme dalam upaya Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Kata kunci : Terorisme Kontemporer, Politik Hukum Pidana, Peran Negara, Deradikalisasi./ Terrorism is a global threat to national and international security stability. Terrorism crimes have networks and organizations that are national and global in nature with the characteristics of the modern world concept, namely the war between state actors and non-state actors, so that the triggering factor for the rise of radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia is an embryo of a classic terrorism crime movement towards a contemporary terrorism action movement. Contemporary terrorism networks utilize technological instruments as instruments of indoctrination. Contemporary terrorism crimes generally have a background motive that indicates terrorism is closely related to the past, present circumstances and hopes for the future. The main cause of the motives of perpetrators of terrorism crimes is injustice, poverty, backwardness and oppression of some community groups in a country, especially Muslim countries, due to the ideology of global imperialism with neo-liberalism clothing which contributes to the birth of the phenomenon of terrorism. The United Nations (UN) in its congress in Vienna, Austria in 2000 raised the theme The Prevention of Crime and The Treatment of Offenders, among others mentioning terrorism as a development of acts of violence that needs global attention. The Government of Indonesia responded to the United Nations Resolution on March 7, 2006 by ratifying the 1997 “International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombing, the 1999 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombing, the 1999 International Convention against the Financing of Terrorists, financing Terrorism” into Law No. 15 of 2003 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2002 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism and amendments have been made to Law no. 5 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Law No. 15 of 2003 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2002 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. That the crime of terrorism as an extraordinary crime "extraordinary crime" requires a scheme of legislation in the perspective of a political review of criminal law that gives mandate to the TNI/POLRI and intelligence to carry out law enforcement efforts and emphasizes integrative and comprehensive efforts with hard and soft approaches. approach through a deradicalization program that touches the root of the problem, namely ideology, social, economic and injustice which is a step in the role of the state in controlling terrorism crimes in the effort to protect human rights. Keywords: Contemporary Terrorism, Politics of Criminal Law, The Role of the State, Deradicalization

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