Factors associated with death and ICU referral among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the secondary referral academic hospital in East Jakarta, Indonesia

Kumiyanto, Kumiyanto and Setianegari, Yessi and Kurniaty, Linggom and Danny E.J., Luhulima and Utomo, Bambang Suprayogi Resi and Langi, Louisa Ariantje and Arodes, Evy S and Wiyanto, Marwito and Suarthana, Eva and Wahyuningsih, Retno (2022) Factors associated with death and ICU referral among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the secondary referral academic hospital in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus, 2 (2). pp. 1-6.

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Abstract

Introduction: : We present demographic and clinical characteristics including laboratory and imaging data of COVID-19. Factors associated with death and ICU referral were evaluated. Methods: : This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics with the outcomes. Results: : A total of 477 patients have been hospitalized from October 2020 - February 2021, 112 patients were over 60 years old and 58.2% were women. There were 299 (62.7%) patients with clinical improvement and negative RT-PCR at discharge, 145 (30.4%) patients with clinical improvement and positive RT-PCR at discharge, 14 (2.9%) patients referred to ICU, and 19 (4%) patients died. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough, nausea and vomiting, and shortness of breath. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age ≥ 60 years old, shortness of breath, obesity, oxygen saturation < 95%, leukocyte count > 10,000/L, and moderate-severe COVID-19 at admission were strongly associated with death or referral to ICU. Conclusion: : Patients aged over 60 years old with obesity, low peripheral oxygen saturation, high leucocyte count, shortness of breath and moderate-severe COVID-19 at admission had higher risks of death or referred to ICU.

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