Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia Dalam Meningkatkan Ekspor Lobster Air Laut dan Lobster Air Tawar ke Tiongkok

Cakra Wibawa, Antonius Candy (2021) Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia Dalam Meningkatkan Ekspor Lobster Air Laut dan Lobster Air Tawar ke Tiongkok. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap diplomasi ekonomi pemerintah Indonesia dalam meningkatkan ekspor lobster air laut dan lobster air tawar ke mancanegara. Lobster merupakan komoditas perikanan unggulan Indonesia dan sangat diminati oleh beberapa negara terutama Tiongkok. Hal ini berdampak pada banyaknya permintaan produk tersebut. Namun sejauh ini, Indonesia masih mengandalkan tangkapan alam dan pembesaran benih lobster. Ketersediaan lobster air laut di alam kian hari mengalami gejolak sehingga kuota ekspor lobster Indonesia kerap kali tidak stabil. Hal ini diperparah oleh isu kebijakan ekspor benih lobster yang dikeluarkan oleh Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan periode 2019-2020, Edhy Prabowo mengingat budidaya lobster air laut di Indonesia masih terbatas pada pembesaran saja dan tentu kebijakan ini justru mengurangi ketersediaan lobster di masa depan karena di Indonesia budidaya lobster belum pada level pengembangbiakan. Topik ini penting untuk dikaji karena tidak selamanya Indonesia akan mengandalkan lobster air laut dari tangkapan alam. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan konsep diplomasi ekonomi dari Pavol Baranay dan Nicholas Bayne untuk memahami lobi dan negosiasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia agar negara – negara partner khususnya Tiongkok mengimpor lobster air laut dan lobster air tawar Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang memanfaatkan data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari jurnal, buku, laporan dan media online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia berhasil mendorong Tiongkok dan beberapa negara lainnya seperti Amerika Serikat, Korea Selatan, Inggris, Jerman, Belgia dan Singapura untuk mengimpor lobster dari Indonesia terutama lobster air laut. Namun pada tahun 2019, volume ekpsor lobster Indonesia ke negara – negara partner menurun karena kurangnya ketersediaan lobster air laut. Untuk itu, lobster air tawar perlu dikembangkan sebagai komoditas ekspor Indonesia dan pemerintah perlu aktif mempromosikan lobster air tawar ke mancanegara serta memfasilitasi para pembudidaya lobster air tawar. Kata kunci: diplomasi ekonomi, lobster air laut, lobster air tawar, Indonesia, Tiongkok/This study aims to reveal the Indonesian government's economic diplomacy in increasing exports of sea crayfish and freshwater crayfish to foreign countries. Lobster is Indonesia's leading fishery commodity and is in great demand by several countries, especially China. This has an impact on the number of requests for these products. But so far, Indonesia is still relying on natural catch and growing lobster seeds. The availability of sea crayfish in the wild is increasingly turbulent so that Indonesia's lobster export quota is often unstable. This is exacerbated by the issue of the lobster seed export policy issued by the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries for the 2019-2020 period, Edhy Prabowo considering that the cultivation of sea crayfish in Indonesia is still limited to enlargement and of course this policy actually reduces the availability of lobster in the future because in Indonesia lobster cultivation is not yet at the breeding level. This topic is important to study because Indonesia will not always rely on sea crayfish from natural catches. This study will use the concept of economic diplomacy by Pavol Baranay and Nicholas Bayne to understand the lobbying and negotiations carried out by the Indonesian government so that partner countries, especially China will import Indonesian sea crayfish and freshwater crayfish. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that utilizes primary data through interviews and secondary data obtained from journals, books, reports and online media. The results show that Indonesia's economic diplomacy has succeeded in encouraging China and several other countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Belgium and Singapore to import lobster from Indonesia, especially sea crayfish. However, in 2019, the volume of Indonesian lobster exports to partner countries decreased due to lack of availability. For this reason, freshwater crayfish need to be developed as an Indonesian export commodity and the government needs to actively promote freshwater crayfish to foreign countries and facilitate freshwater crayfish cultivators. Keywords: lobsters, freshwater crayfish, increased exports, Aquaculture, economic diplomacy

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