SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN BUILDINGS DURING VIRUS-19 PANDEMIC

Marpaung, Charles OP (2021) SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN BUILDINGS DURING VIRUS-19 PANDEMIC. In: International Webinar The Impacts of Covid-19 On the Sustainable Development of Cities and settlements. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Statistically, buildings were a very large sector consuming energy from different countries, producing many CO2 emissions. For example, in the United States, buildings accounted for 35% of total energy consumption and 72% of total electricity consumption. In the E.U., energy consumption in the building sector was 40% of final energy consumption. The International Energy Agency (IEA) noted that existing buildings consumed 40% of the world's total energy and produced CO2 emissions of 40% of total global CO2 emissions. The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, which was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, had almost touched everyone's life and affected every sector in the economy in all parts of the world. The outbreak's impact was the daily routine life had come to a standstill, many sectors such as business, transport, and many more industries had come to a halt. The curtailment in many activities reduces the energy demand and consumption, which brought damage to the energy industry. It was found that the energy demand in commercial and industrial sectors declined, but the energy demand in residential and health and emergency services increased. In order to maintain sustainable energy development consistently in buildings, It was of interest to explore how to tackle the increase of energy demand in the residential sector. However, the demand for energy at the national level increased during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. Programs toward zero energy building, nearly zero energy building, or net-zero energy building were options to reduce the energy demand in the residential sector. Various alternatives could be done to achieve zero energy building, nearly zero energy building, or net-zero energy building such as from demand side (demand-side management), supply-side (supply-side management), and by changing in energy consumption patterns (human factor).

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