Margaretta, Lita (2026) Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Harga Minyak terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Sektor Minyak dan Gas yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2025. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
Sektor minyak dan gas merupakan salah satu sektor strategis yang berperan penting dalam mendorong perekonomian nasional, penyediaan energi, dan keberlanjutan aktivitas industri di Indonesia. Tetapi, nilai perusahaan pada emiten sektor minyak dan gas yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2015–2025 mengalami kecenderungan menurun, sebagaimana tercermin dari fluktuasi nilai Tobin’s Q, dan menggunakan return market sebagai variabel kontrol. Fenomena tersebut terjadi di tengah meningkatnya kebutuhan energi nasional, sehingga menimbulkan kesenjangan antara potensi industri dan persepsi investor di pasar modal. Permasalahan ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor fundamental perusahaan, yaitu profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, dan harga minyak yang menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba, memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendek, mengelola struktur pendanaan, dan menentukan keputusan investasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, dan harga minyak terhadap nilai perusahaan pada emiten sektor minyak dan gas yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2015–2025, baik secara parsial maupun secara bersama-sama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian asosiatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder berbentuk data panel yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan perusahaan sektor minyak dan gas yang dipublikasikan melalui Bursa Efek Indonesia dan sumber resmi lainnya dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Nilai perusahaan diukur menggunakan Tobin's Q, variabel profitabilitas diukur dengan Return on Assets (ROA), variabel likuiditas diukur dengan Current Ratio (CR), variabel leverage diukur dengan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dan variabel harga minyak diukur berdasarkan harga penutupan minyak mentah dunia, sedangkan Return Market dihitung menggunakan perubahan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel. Pemilihan model terbaik dilakukan melalui Uji Chow dan Uji Lagrange Multiplier. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial likuiditas terbukti berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor minyak dan gas. Secara simultan, keempat variabel tersebut terbukti berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai perusahaan pada sektor minyak dan gas tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi internal perusahaan seperti kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba, memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendek, mengelola risiko keuangan melalui struktur modal yang optimal, tetapi juga kondisi eksternal perusahaan seperti fluktuasi harga minyak dunia. Kata Kunci: Harga Minyak, Leverage, Likuiditas, Nilai Perusahaan, Profitabilitas. / The oil and gas sector is one of the strategic sectors that plays an important role in driving the national economy, energy supply, and the sustainability of industrial activities in Indonesia. However, the firm value of oil and gas companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2015–2025 shows a declining trend, as reflected by fluctuations in Tobin’s Q, with market return used as a control variable. This phenomenon occurs amid the increasing national energy demand, creating a gap between the industry’s potential and investor perception in the capital market. This issue is influenced by fundamental company factors, namely profitability, liquidity, leverage, and oil prices, which reflect the firm’s capability to generate earnings, fulfill short-term liabilities, manage its capital structure, and make investment decisions. This study aims to identify the influence of profitability, liquidity, leverage, and oil prices on firm value in the oil and gas sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2015–2025, both partially and simultaneously. This study employs a quantitative method with an associative research design. The data consist of secondary panel data collected from the financial reports of oil and gas companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and other official sources, selected through a purposive sampling technique. Firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q, Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), Liquidity is measured using Current Ratio (CR), The leverage variable is measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), while the oil price variable is measured based on the closing price of global crude oil, while Market Return is calculated using the change in the Composite Stock Price Index (JCI). Data analysis techniques use panel data regression with the best model selection through the Chow Test and the Lagrange Multiplier Test. Hypothesis testing uses the t-test and F-test. The results show that partially, liquidity has a negative and significant effect on the firm value of oil and gas companies. Collectively, the four variables exert a significant influence on firm value. The findings of this study suggest that firm value in the oil and gas sector is not solely determined by internal factors, such as the company’s capacity to generate earnings, meet short-term obligations, and manage financial risk through an optimal capital structure, but also by external conditions such as fluctuations in world oil prices. Keywords: Oil Prices, Leverage, Liquidity, Firm Value, Profitability.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | SOCIAL SCIENCES > Finance > Finance management. Business finance. Corporation finance SOCIAL SCIENCES > Finance > Investment, capital formation, speculation |
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| Divisions: | FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS > Manajemen | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Ms Lita Margaretta | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 22 Oct 2026 04:44 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2026 04:44 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/24030 |
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