DESAIN DAN ANALISIS KINERJA SISTEM PENGATURAN SUDUT MODUL PHOTOVOLTAIC BERBASIS SENSOR LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR) MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI PROTEUS

Simanjuntak, Dea Yosevina (2026) DESAIN DAN ANALISIS KINERJA SISTEM PENGATURAN SUDUT MODUL PHOTOVOLTAIC BERBASIS SENSOR LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR) MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI PROTEUS. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Rendahnya efisiensi konversi energi pada panel surya konvensional umumnya disebabkan oleh konfigurasi sudut kemiringan statis yang tidak optimal dalam merespons pergerakan matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem pengaturan sudut modul photovoltaic (PV) berbasis sensor Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) menggunakan simulasi Proteus, menganalisis pengaruh variasi sudut terhadap parameter listrik, mengevaluasi kinerja sistem, serta mengomparasikan hasil simulasi dengan pengujian real-time. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi sistem solar tracking berbasis sensor LDR secara menyeluruh dalam platform Proteus yang divalidasi dengan data lapangan. Metode perancangan menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3, motor driver L298N, dan linear actuator 12V. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme tracking mampu mengubah sudut kemiringan secara dinamis dari 45∘ hingga 120∘ mengikuti lintasan matahari. Kondisi operasional paling optimal tercatat pada sudut kemiringan 95∘ dengan capaian daya maksimum riil sebesar 3,82 Watt pada intensitas radiasi 1000 W/m2 . Evaluasi melalui simulasi Proteus menghasilkan luaran parameter listrik yang cenderung ideal dan stabil (tegangan 18,12V–19,69V dan arus 0,05A–0,15A) karena beroperasi dalam kondisi lingkungan homogen tanpa rugi-rugi aktual. Komparasi kedua metode menunjukkan adanya diskrepansi nominal, di mana sistem real-time menghasilkan kurva daya yang lebih fluktuatif akibat dinamika cuaca, sementara simulasi Proteus menghasilkan kurva yang lebih linier dengan daya puncak berkisar 2,51 W–2,94 W. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan nilai eksak akibat keterbatasan komponen ideal pada software, kedua metode menunjukkan konsistensi performa yang selaras. Sistem solar tracking otomatis ini terbukti secara nyata dan konsisten mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan energi matahari serta mengungguli performa sistem PV statis secara signifikan. / The low efficiency of energy conversion in conventional solar panels is generally caused by static tilt angle configurations that are not optimal in responding to sun movement. This research aims to design a photovoltaic (PV) module tilt angle adjustment system based on Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors using Proteus simulation, analyze the effect of angle variations on electrical parameters, evaluate system performance, and compare simulation results with real-time testing. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive integration of an LDR-sensorbased solar tracking system within the Proteus platform, validated with field data. The design methodology utilizes an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller, an L298N motor driver, and a 12V linear actuator. The test results show that the tracking mechanism is capable of dynamically changing the tilt angle from 45∘ to 120∘ following the sun's path. The most optimal operational condition was recorded at a 95∘ tilt angle with a maximum real power output of 3.82 Watts at a radiation intensity of 1000 W/m2 . Evaluation through Proteus simulation produced electrical parameter outputs that tended to be ideal and stable (voltage of 18.12V–19.69V and current of 0.05A–0.15A) because it operated under homogeneous environmental conditions without actual environmental losses. The comparison of the two methods shows a nominal discrepancy, where the real-time system produced a more volatile power curve due to weather dynamics, while the Proteus simulation produced a more linear curve with peak power ranging from 2.51 W to 2.94 W. Despite the exact value differences due to the limitations of ideal components in the software, both methods demonstrate consistent performance. This automatic solar tracking system is proven to significantly and consistently improve solar energy absorption efficiency and outperform static PV system performance. Keywords: power, photovoltaic, Proteus, LDR sensor, solar tracking

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