Recovering the Silenced: The Metafictional Construction of Female Subaltern Agency in Gina Apostol's Insurrecto

Yepsan, Yepsan (2026) Recovering the Silenced: The Metafictional Construction of Female Subaltern Agency in Gina Apostol's Insurrecto. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Skripsi ini mengkaji konstruksi dan posisi suara perempuan subaltern serta penggunaan strategi naratif metafiksi dalam novel Insurrecto karya Gina Apostol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana suara subaltern dikonstruksi dan diposisikan dalam narasi novel serta mengkaji bagaimana tokoh-tokoh perempuan memanfaatkan struktur metafiksi novel untuk menunjukkan agensi subaltern dan merebut kembali sejarah yang selama ini dibungkam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik close reading dan analisis tekstual tematik. Sumber data utama penelitian ini adalah novel Insurrecto (2018) karya Gina Apostol, sedangkan sumber data sekunder berupa buku, artikel jurnal, dan berbagai karya ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan kajian postkolonial, teori subaltern Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, dan historiographic metafiction. Analisis penelitian menggunakan konsep subaltern, representasi, kekerasan epistemik (epistemic violence), dan agensi subaltern dari Spivak yang didukung oleh konsep historiographic metafiction dari Linda Hutcheon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Insurrecto mengonstruksi suara perempuan subaltern dengan menantang narasi sejarah dominan yang selama ini meminggirkan pengalaman perempuan dalam Perang Filipina-Amerika. Novel ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa strategi naratif metafiksi, seperti narasi yang terfragmentasi, berbagai sudut pandang, dan intertekstualitas, menciptakan ruang bagi tokoh-tokoh perempuan untuk mempertanyakan sejarah kolonial resmi serta merebut kembali suara-suara sejarah yang dibungkam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Insurrecto tidak hanya merepresentasikan pengalaman perempuan subaltern, tetapi juga menggunakan historiographic metafiction sebagai strategi sastra untuk merebut kembali sejarah yang dimarginalkan serta merekonstruksi ingatan kolonial dari perspektif masyarakat yang terjajah. / This skripsi examines the construction and positioning of female subaltern voices and the use of metafictional narrative strategies in Gina Apostol's Insurrecto. The study aims to analyze how subaltern voices are constructed and positioned within the narrative of the novel and to examine how the female characters utilize the novel's metafictional structure to exercise subaltern agency and reclaim their silenced histories. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using close reading and thematic textual analysis. The primary data source is Gina Apostol's Insurrecto (2018), while the secondary sources consist of books, journal articles, and other scholarly works related to postcolonial studies, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's subaltern theory, and historiographic metafiction. The analysis applies Spivak's concepts of the subaltern, representation, epistemic violence, and subaltern agency, supported by Linda Hutcheon's concept of historiographic metafiction. The findings reveal that Insurrecto constructs female subaltern voices by challenging dominant historical narratives that have marginalized women's experiences during the Philippine-American War. The novel further demonstrates how metafictional narrative strategies, including fragmented narratives, multiple perspectives, and intertextuality, create a space for female characters to question official colonial history and recover silenced historical voices. This study concludes that Insurrecto not only represents female subaltern experiences but also employs historiographic metafiction as a literary strategy to reclaim marginalized histories and reconstruct colonial memory from the perspectives of the colonized.

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