Julianti, Maria (2026) Rekonstruksi Hukum Kepailitan dalam Restrukturisasi Perusahaan Asuransi untuk Memperkuat Perlindungan Pemegang Polis. S3 thesis, UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Judul Disertasi: Rekonstruksi Hukum Kepailitan dalam Restrukturisasi Perusahaan Asuransi untuk Memperkuat Perlindungan Pemegang Polis Kata Kunci: Kepailitan, Restrukturisasi, Perusahaan Asuransi, Pemegang Polis Kepailitan dan restrukturisasi perusahaan asuransi di Indonesia menghadapi persoalan fundamental berupa disharmoni regulasi antara Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU, Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang OJK, serta Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian. Fragmentasi pengaturan tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, khususnya dalam perlindungan pemegang polis yang seharusnya menjadi prioritas karena karakter industri asuransi yang mengelola dana publik dan memiliki risiko sistemik tinggi. Selain itu, realitas implementasi menunjukkan adanya jurang antara norma hukum (das sollen) dan praktik penyelesaian gagal bayar (das sein), sebagaimana tercermin dalam kasus-kasus seperti AJB Bumiputera, Kresna Life, dan Bumi Asih Jaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori-teori hukum yang relevan, yaitu Teori Tujuan Hukum Gustav Radbruch terkait keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan; serta konsep Hukum Responsif Nonet & Selznick untuk menilai sejauh mana regulasi kepailitan mampu menjawab kebutuhan sosial dan melindungi kelompok rentan, khususnya pemegang polis. Ketiga teori ini digunakan sebagai landasan evaluatif untuk menilai integrasi regulasi, kinerja kelembagaan, serta arah perlindungan hukum yang ideal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan menempatkan hukum sebagai sistem norma. Data penelitian diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer seperti undang-undang dan putusan pengadilan; bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur, jurnal hukum, dan doktrin; serta bahan non-hukum seperti laporan industri. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah statute approach dan pendekatan perbandingan. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis secara normatif- kualitatif dengan menafsirkan fakta hukum berdasarkan teori, asas, dan ketentuan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksinkronan antara UU Kepailitan, UU OJK, dan UU Perasuransian mengakibatkan lemahnya perlindungan terhadap pemegang polis serta ketidakpastian kewenangan antara pengadilan niaga, OJK, dan pemerintah. Mekanisme kepailitan umum yang bersifat adversarial tidak sesuai dengan karakter industri asuransi yang membutuhkan pendekatan prudensial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya rekonstruksi hukum melalui harmonisasi undang-undang, penegasan kewenangan eksklusif OJK dalam restrukturisasi dan kepailitan asuransi, pengakuan pemegang polis sebagai kreditur preferen, pembentukan Lembaga Penjamin Polis, serta pembentukan rezim insurance resolution yang terpisah dari kepailitan umum. Rekonstruksi struktural, substansial, dan kultural ini diperlukan untuk mewujudkan perlindungan pemegang polis yang lebih efektif serta sistem hukum kepailitan yang responsif dan adaptif. ABSTRACT Title: Reconstruction of Bankruptcy Law in Insurance Company Restructuring to Strengthen Policyholder Protection Keywords: Bankruptcy, Restructuring, Insurance Companies, Policyholders Bankruptcy and restructuring of insurance companies in Indonesia face a fundamental issue arising from regulatory disharmony between Law No. 37/2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment, Law No. 21/2011 on the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and Law No. 40/2014 on Insurance. This fragmentation generates substantial legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the protection of policyholders who should be prioritized due to the systemic nature of the insurance industry and its role in managing public funds. In practice, a significant gap exists between the normative framework (das sollen) and actual law enforcement (das sein), as evidenced by cases such as AJB Bumiputera, Kresna Life, and Bumi Asih Jaya. The research is grounded in several key legal theories: Gustav Radbruch’s Theory of Law (justice, certainty, and utility), and Nonet & Selznick’s concept of Responsive Law, which emphasizes the law’s ability to address social needs and protect vulnerable groups such as policyholders. These theories serve as analytical tools to evaluate normative integration, institutional performance, and the ideal legal framework for insurance restructuring and bankruptcy. This study employs a normative juridical research method, treating law as a normative system. Data consist of primary legal materials, including legislation and court judgments, secondary materials such as legal literature, journals, and doctrines, and relevant non-legal materials. The research uses a statute approach combined with comparative analysis. Data collection was conducted through literature study. The collected data were analyzed normatively and qualitatively by interpreting legal facts using statutory norms, legal doctrines, and theoretical frameworks. The findings indicate that the lack of synchronization among the Bankruptcy Law, the OJK Law, and the Insurance Law weakens legal protection for policyholders and creates overlapping authority between commercial courts, OJK, and the government. The general bankruptcy mechanism, being adversarial and creditor-oriented, is incompatible with the prudential nature of the insurance industry. Therefore, the study concludes that legal reconstruction is necessary through statutory harmonization, explicit recognition of OJK’s exclusive authority in insurance bankruptcy and restructuring, granting policyholders preferential creditor status, establishing a Policyholder Protection Fund, and developing a distinct insurance resolution regime separate from general bankruptcy proceedings. These structural, substantive, and cultural reforms are essential to ensure effective policyholder protection and to build a responsive and adaptive legal system for the insurance sector.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S3) | ||||||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | LAW | ||||||||||||||||
| Divisions: | PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Doktor Hukum | ||||||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Ms MARIA JULIANTI | ||||||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 00:58 | ||||||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 00:58 | ||||||||||||||||
| URI: | http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/23119 |
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