Push-Pull Factor Keputusan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Dalam Jalur Migrasi Non-Prosedural Dan Ilegal Di Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia

Maran, Fx Oliver Neuville Buan (2026) Push-Pull Factor Keputusan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Dalam Jalur Migrasi Non-Prosedural Dan Ilegal Di Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor pendorong (push factors) dan faktor penarik (pull factors) yang memengaruhi keputusan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) memilih jalur migrasi non-prosedural dan ilegal di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia–Malaysia, khususnya Kabupaten Nunukan. Fenomena ini tetap terjadi meskipun pemerintah telah menerapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor struktural, sosial, ekonomi, dan kelembagaan yang memengaruhi pilihan migrasi tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan Push-Pull Theory of Migration dari Everett S. Lee dan Global Governance Theory sebagai landasan teoritis untuk memahami dinamika migrasi dan tata kelola lintas negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian divalidasi menggunakan teknik triangulasi serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan kesempatan kerja di daerah asal, tradisi migrasi, keberadaan broker atau calo, perbedaan tingkat kesejahteraan, serta lemahnya implementasi kebijakan dan koordinasi antaraktor menjadi faktor utama yang mendorong PMI memilih jalur non-prosedural dan ilegal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan tata kelola migrasi yang lebih terintegrasi, adaptif, dan responsif terhadap kondisi masyarakat perbatasan. Kata Kunci: Pekerja Migran Indonesia, Migrasi Non-Prosedural, Migrasi Ilegal, Push-Pull Factors, Tata Kelola Migrasi. / This study examines the push and pull factors influencing Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs) to choose non-procedural and irregular migration pathways along the Indonesia–Malaysia border, particularly in Nunukan Regency. This phenomenon persists despite the implementation of Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. The study aims to identify the structural, social, economic, and institutional factors shaping migrants’ decisions to engage in irregular migration. The research employs Everett S. Lee’s Push-Pull Theory of Migration and Global Governance Theory as the theoretical framework to explain migration dynamics and cross-border migration governance. This study adopts a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, and subsequently validated using data triangulation techniques and analyzed descriptively. The findings reveal that limited employment opportunities in the place of origin, migration traditions, the presence of brokers or informal recruiters, disparities in welfare levels, and weak policy implementation and inter-agency coordination are the primary factors driving IMWs to opt for non-procedural and irregular migration channels. Therefore, a more integrated, adaptive, and responsive migration governance system is required to address the socio-economic realities of border communities . Keywords: Indonesian Migrant Workers, Non-Procedural Migration, Irregular Migration, Push-Pull Factors, Migration Governance.

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