Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Penerapan Obscuur libel Dalam Sengketa Pelayanan Kesehatan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 450 K/Ptd/2023)

Tamba, Putri Elisabeth (2026) Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Penerapan Obscuur libel Dalam Sengketa Pelayanan Kesehatan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 450 K/Ptd/2023). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Sengketa pelayanan kesehatan semakin sering diajukan melalui mekanisme peradilan perdata seiring meningkatnya kesadaran hukum pasien. Namun, kompleksitas hubungan hukum antara pasien dan tenaga kesehatan sering menimbulkan permasalahan dalam perumusan gugatan, khususnya terkait syarat kejelasan gugatan (obscuur libel). Penelitian ini mengkaji dua rumusan masalah, yaitu penerapan syarat kejelasan gugatan (obscuur libel) dalam sengketa pelayanan kesehatan menurut hukum kesehatan, serta pertimbangan hukum Mahkamah Agung dalam menyatakan gugatan kabur pada Putusan Nomor 450 K/Pdt/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang kesehatan dan hukum acara perdata, putusan pengadilan, serta doktrin dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menelaah keterkaitan antara norma hukum, putusan pengadilan, dan karakteristik sengketa pelayanan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan syarat kejelasan gugatan dalam sengketa pelayanan kesehatan menuntut perumusan dasar hubungan hukum, uraian peristiwa medis, dan tuntutan hukum yang jelas dan sistematis. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 450 K/Pdt/2023 menegaskan bahwa ketidakjelasan posita dan petitum merupakan cacat formil yang menghalangi pemeriksaan pokok perkara. Kesimpulannya, kejelasan gugatan menjadi elemen krusial untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan keseimbangan perlindungan antara pasien dan tenaga kesehatan. / Healthcare disputes are increasingly being brought before civil courts as patient legal awareness increases. However, the complexity of the legal relationship between patients and healthcare providers often causes problems in the formulation of lawsuits, particularly with regard to the requirement of clarity of the lawsuit (obscuur libel). This study examines two issues, namely the application of the requirement of clarity of the lawsuit (obscuur libel) in healthcare disputes according to healthcare law, as well as the legal considerations of the Supreme Court in declaring a lawsuit unclear in Decision Number 450 K/Pdt/2023. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case study approach. The legal materials used include regulations in the field of health and civil procedure law, court decisions, as well as relevant doctrines and scientific journals. The analysis was conducted qualitatively by examining the relationship between legal norms, court decisions, and the characteristics of health service disputes. The results of the study indicate that the application of the requirement of clarity of claims in health service disputes requires the formulation of the basis of legal relationships, descriptions of medical events, and clear and systematic legal claims. Supreme Court Decision No. 450 K/Pdt/2023 confirms that the lack of clarity in the statement of claim and petition is a formal defect that prevents the examination of the main case. In conclusion, the clarity of the lawsuit is a crucial element to ensure legal certainty and a balance of protection between patients and health workers.

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