Ekstasi Kapitalisme: Identitas Perlawanan Kelompok Bersenjata Etnis Di Myanmar

Rahabav, Renny Rosa (2026) Ekstasi Kapitalisme: Identitas Perlawanan Kelompok Bersenjata Etnis Di Myanmar. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara konstruksi identitas perlawanan kelompok bersenjata etnis di Myanmar dan keterlibatan mereka dalam ekonomi gelap pasca-kudeta 2021, dengan fokus pada UWSA, KIA, dan KNU serta bagaimana mereka membangun kekuasaan alternatif melalui ekonomi ilegal dan kontrol wilayah. Teori yang digunakan adalah konstruksi identitas Manuel Castells (Resistance Identity dan Project Identity) serta konsep Rebel Governance dari Arjona, Kasfir, dan Mampilly, sementara metode dialektika Hegel digunakan secara heuristik untuk membaca kontradiksi antara negara dan perlawanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus deskriptif analitik, mengandalkan data dari studi literatur, dokumen resmi, laporan UNODC, Global Witness, ACLED, ISP Myanmar, serta wawancara dengan Dr. Moe Thuzar dari ISEAS dan Prof. Angel Damayanti. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Resistance Identity merupakan produk dialektis dari marginalisasi struktural oleh negara militer Bamar, dan ekonomi gelap bersama kontrol atas 42% wilayah Myanmar memungkinkan transformasi menuju Project Identity melalui empat mekanisme: basis material, fondasi teritorial, Rebel Governance (bank, mata uang, sekolah, pengadilan), dan legitimasi sosial. Namun, terdapat kontradiksi internal seperti ketimpangan kelas, konflik teritorial antar EAO, serta perbedaan visi politik antara federalisme dan konfederasi, sehingga transformasi tidak linier atau pasti dan masa depan Myanmar terbuka pada beberapa skenario. Kata kunci: Myanmar, identitas perlawanan, kelompok bersenjata etnis/ This study examines the relationship between the construction of resistance identity among ethnic armed groups in Myanmar and their involvement in the illicit economy following the 2021 coup, focusing on the UWSA, KIA, and KNU, and how these groups build alternative forms of power through illegal economies and territorial control. The study employs Manuel Castells’ theory of identity construction (Resistance Identity and Project Identity) alongside the concept of Rebel Governance developed by Arjona, Kasfir, and Mampilly, while Hegelian dialectics is used heuristically to interpret the contradictions between the state and resistance movements. This research adopts a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical case study method, relying on data from literature reviews, official documents, reports by the UNODC, Global Witness, ACLED, and ISP Myanmar, as well as interviews with Dr. Moe Thuzar from ISEAS and Prof. Angel Damayanti. The findings indicate that Resistance Identity is a dialectical product of structural marginalization imposed by the Bamar military state, while the illicit economy and control over 42% of Myanmar’s territory enable a transformation toward Project Identity through four mechanisms: material foundations, territorial bases, Rebel Governance (including banks, currency, schools, and courts), and social legitimacy. However, internal contradictions remain, such as class inequality, territorial conflicts among ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), and differing political visions between federalism and confederation. As a result, this transformation is neither linear nor guaranteed, leaving Myanmar’s future open to multiple possible scenarios. Keywords: Myanmar, Resistance Identity, Ethnic Armed Groups

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