Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Struktur Kepemilikan terhadap Initial Return IPO dengan Reputasi Underwriter sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2021–2025

Manik, Luke Borneo (2026) Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Struktur Kepemilikan terhadap Initial Return IPO dengan Reputasi Underwriter sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2021–2025. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas dan struktur kepemilikan terhadap return saham perusahaan yang melaksanakan Initial Public Offering (IPO) di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2021–2025, dengan reputasi underwriter sebagai variabel moderasi. Dalam penelitian ini, profitabilitas diproksikan menggunakan Return on Assets (ROA). Pengamatan return saham dilakukan dalam tiga periode, yaitu initial return, return satu minggu, dan return satu bulan setelah IPO untuk mengetahui pola perubahan harga saham pasca penawaran perdana. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling dalam menentukan sampel penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan ROA tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham pada seluruh periode pengamatan. Sebaliknya, struktur kepemilikan terbukti memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap initial return dan return satu bulan, meskipun tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada return satu minggu. Selain itu, reputasi underwriter mampu memperkuat hubungan profitabilitas dan struktur kepemilikan terhadap initial return, namun tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan tersebut pada return satu minggu maupun return satu bulan. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel dalam penelitian berpengaruh signifikan terhadap initial return dan return satu bulan, sedangkan pada return satu minggu pengaruh tersebut tidak ditemukan secara signifikan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada fase awal perdagangan saham IPO, keputusan investor masih dipengaruhi oleh asimetri informasi dan sentimen pasar jangka pendek. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, investor mulai melakukan penilaian yang lebih rasional dengan mempertimbangkan fundamental perusahaan dan mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, return satu bulan dinilai sebagai periode yang paling mencerminkan respons pasar terhadap kualitas perusahaan setelah IPO. Kata Kunci: Profitabilitas, Return on Assets, Struktur Kepemilikan, Initial Public Offering, Return Saham, Reputasi Underwriter. / This study aims to examine the effect of profitability and ownership structure on stock returns of companies conducting Initial Public Offerings (IPO) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2025 period, with underwriter reputation serving as a moderating variable. In this study, profitability is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). Stock returns are observed in three different periods, namely initial return, one-week return, and one-month return after the IPO, in order to identify post IPO stock price movement patterns. This research applies a quantitative approach using purposive sampling to determine the research sample. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings indicate that profitability, as measured by ROA, does not have a significant effect on stock returns across all observation periods. On the other hand, ownership structure significantly affects initial return and one-month return, although it does not significantly influence one-week return. Furthermore, underwriter reputation is found to strengthen the relationship between profitability and ownership structure on initial return. However, it does not moderate the relationship in the one-week return and one-month return periods. Simultaneously, all variables in this study significantly influence initial return and one month return, while no significant effect is identified on one-week return. The results suggest that during the early stage of IPO stock trading, investor decisions are still largely influenced by information asymmetry and short-term market sentiment. Over time, however, investors tend to make more rational evaluations by considering the company’s fundamentals and corporate governance mechanisms. Therefore, the one-month return period is considered the most representative indicator in reflecting market responses to company quality after the IPO. Keywords: Profitability, Return on Assets, Ownership Structure, Initial Public Offering, Stock Return, Underwriter Reputation.

Item Type: Thesis (S1)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorHutasoit, Posma S.J.KNUPTK1042742643130123posmahutasoit@gmail.com
Thesis advisorMangani, Ktut SilvanitaNUPTK3247741642230093ktut.silvanita@uki.ac.id
Subjects: SOCIAL SCIENCES > Economic theory. Demography
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Economic theory. Demography > Business cycles. Economic fluctuations
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Economic history and conditions
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Economic history and conditions > Special topics Including air pollution, automation, consumer demand, famines, flow of funds, etc.
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Economic history and conditions > Economic geography of the oceans (General)
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Economic history and conditions > By region or country
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Finance
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Finance > Investment, capital formation, speculation
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Public finance
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Public finance > Revenue. Taxation. Internal revenue
Divisions: FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS > Manajemen
Depositing User: Mr Luke Borneo Manik
Date Deposited: 20 Oct 2026 07:25
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2026 07:25
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/22545

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