Diplomasi Pelindungan Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Uni Emirat Arab 2024

Lewaherilla, Clara Angel (2026) Diplomasi Pelindungan Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Uni Emirat Arab 2024. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Migrasi tenaga kerja internasional merupakan fenomena global yang menempatkan pekerja migran dalam posisi rentan di negara tujuan, sehingga menjadikan pelindungan warga negara di luar negeri sebagai tanggung jawab krusial bagi negara asal. Uni Emirat Arab, dengan 88 persen populasinya adalah warga negara asing dan sistem Kafala yang memberikan kendali dominan kepada majikan, menjadi salah satu konteks paling kompleks bagi pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Kesenjangan antara 1.244 penempatan prosedural dan estimasi 81.000 WNI aktual di UEA mencerminkan besarnya populasi yang berada di luar jangkauan sistem pelindungan formal, menjadikan persoalan ini mendesak untuk dikaji secara mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana diplomasi pelindungan Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai wujud tanggung jawab negara dalam melindungi pekerja migran Indonesia di Uni Emirat Arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori diplomasi G. R. Berridge, konsep diplomasi dan pelindungan konsuler, serta konsep tanggung jawab negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya diplomasi pelindungan Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) di Uni Emirat Arab sepanjang tahun 2024 telah dilaksanakan secara komprehensif melalui tiga instrumen operasional utama, yakni komunikasi, negosiasi, dan bantuan langsung. Kata Kunci: Diplomasi Konsuler; Diplomasi Pelindungan; Pekerja Migran Indonesia; Uni Emirat Arab / International labor migration is a global phenomenon that places migrant workers in vulnerable positions in destination countries, making the protection of citizens abroad a crucial responsibility for their home states. The United Arab Emirates, where 88 percent of the population consists of foreign nationals and the Kafala system grants employers dominant control, represents one of the most complex contexts for the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). The gap between 1,244 procedural placements and the estimated 81,000 actual Indonesian nationals in the UAE reflects the scale of the population that falls outside the reach of formal protection systems, making this issue urgent for in-depth examination. This study aims to analyze how the Indonesian Government's protection diplomacy serves as a manifestation of state responsibility in protecting Indonesian migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates. This research employs G. R. Berridge's theoretical framework of diplomacy, the concepts of diplomatic and consular protection, and the concept of state responsibility. The research method used is descriptive qualitative through a case study approach. This study utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. The findings of this study indicate that the Indonesian Government's protection diplomacy efforts toward Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in the United Arab Emirates throughout 2024 have been implemented comprehensively through three main operational instruments, namely communication, negotiation, and direct assistance. Keywords: Consular Diplomacy; Protection Diplomacy; Indonesian Migrant Workers; United Arab Emirates

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