PEMANTAUAN DINAMIS TERHADAP KUALITAS DAYA LISTRIK PADA TRANSFORMATOR 345 kVA DI PT ATMI DUTA ENGINEERING

AMBARITA, EDI IRVAN (2026) PEMANTAUAN DINAMIS TERHADAP KUALITAS DAYA LISTRIK PADA TRANSFORMATOR 345 kVA DI PT ATMI DUTA ENGINEERING. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Transformator distribusi merupakan komponen vital dalam sistem tenaga listrik industri, yang kinerjanya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas daya listrik, khususnya pada lingkungan dengan beban dinamis dan non-linear. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kualitas daya listrik pada transformator distribusi 345 kVA di PT ATMI Duta Engineering melalui pemantauan dinamis, serta mengevaluasi implikasi teknis distorsi harmonisa dan ketidakseimbangan beban terhadap kinerja operasional transformator. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan Power Quality Analyzer pada kondisi operasional normal selama proses produksi berlangsung, dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi tegangan, arus, frekuensi, Total Harmonic Distortion tegangan (THDv), Total Harmonic Distortion arus (THDi), serta ketidakseimbangan beban antar fasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tegangan dan frekuensi sistem relatif stabil dan berada dalam batas toleransi, dengan frekuensi berkisar antara 49,98–50,22 Hz. Nilai THDv terukur berada pada kisaran 1,5–3,3%, masih memenuhi batas standar IEEE 519-1992. Namun demikian, nilai THDi menunjukkan dominasi yang lebih signifikan, dengan puncak mencapai 5,5 11% pada fasa tertentu, disertai ketidakseimbangan arus antar fasa yang konsisten selama periode pengamatan. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan dominasi beban non-linear serta distribusi beban yang tidak merata pada sistem distribusi listrik industri. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa distorsi harmonisa arus dan ketidakseimbangan beban berpotensi meningkatkan rugi-rugi daya, menyebabkan pemanasan tidak merata pada transformator, serta menurunkan kapasitas daya efektif sehingga kebutuhan derating transformator perlu dipertimbangkan dalam jangka panjang. Pemantauan dinamis terbukti efektif dalam mengidentifikasi pola waktu terjadinya lonjakan harmonisa dan memberikan gambaran representatif terhadap kondisi operasional aktual sistem. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar evaluasi teknis dan penyusunan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan keandalan serta efisiensi sistem distribusi listrik industri. Kata kunci: kualitas daya listrik, harmonisa, THDi, THDv, ketidakseimbangan beban, transformator distribusi, pemantauan dinamis / Distribution transformers are vital components in industrial power systems, and their performance is significantly influenced by power quality, particularly in environments with dynamic and nonlinear loads. This study aims to analyze the power quality characteristics of a 345 kVA distribution transformer at PT ATMI Duta Engineering through dynamic monitoring, as well as to evaluate the technical implications of harmonic distortion and load imbalance on the transformer’s operational performance. Measurements were conducted using a Power Quality Analyzer under normal operational conditions during the production process, with observed parameters including voltage, current, frequency, voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THDv), current Total Harmonic Distortion (THDi), and phase-to-phase load imbalance. The research results indicate that the system voltage and frequency values are relatively stable and within tolerance limits, with the frequency ranging from 49.98–50.22 Hz. The measured THDv values fall within the range of 1.5–3.3%, still meeting the IEEE 519-1992 standard limits. However, the THDi values showed a more significant dominance, with peaks reaching 5.5–11% in certain phases, accompanied by consistent current imbalance between phases during the observation period. These conditions indicate the dominance of nonlinear loads as well as uneven load distribution in the industrial power distribution system. Further analysis shows that harmonic distortion. Further analysis indicates that current harmonic distortion and load imbalance have the potential to increase power losses, cause uneven heating in transformers, and reduce effective power capacity; therefore, the need for transformer derating must be considered in the long term. Dynamic monitoring has proven effective in identifying the time patterns of harmonic surges and providing a representative picture of the system’s actual operational conditions. Thus, the results of this study can serve as a basis for technical evaluation and the formulation of recommendations to improve the reliability and efficiency of industrial power distribution systems. Keywords: power quality, harmonics, THDi, THDv, load imbalance, distribution transformers, dynamic monitoring

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