STUDI PERENCANAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) HYBRID KOMBINASI OFF-GRID DAN ONGRID: STUDI KASUS PULAU AIR GELUBI PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU

TARAN, NOBER (2026) STUDI PERENCANAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) HYBRID KOMBINASI OFF-GRID DAN ONGRID: STUDI KASUS PULAU AIR GELUBI PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pulau Air Gelubi, sebagai salah satu pulau kecil terpencil di wilayah Kepulauan Bintan, mengalami hambatan dalam penyediaan energi listrik yang stabil, terjangkau, dan ramah lingkungan karena lebih banyak mengandalkan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD). Biaya Pokok Penyediaan (BPP) listrik yang relative tinggi dan emisi CO2 menjadi masalah utama dari sistem saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan dan menganalisis kelayakan teknis, ekonomi, dan lingkungan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) hybrid kombinasi on-grid dan off-grid berkapasitas 350 kWp sebagai solusi energi berkelanjutan. Metodologi penelitian mencakup pengumpulan data penyinaran matahari, profil beban listrik harian, dan data jaringan PLTD eksisting. Perancangan sistem menggunakan metode manual dan perangkat lunak simulasi PVsyst sebagai pembanding untuk menentukan konfigurasi komponen terbaik, termasuk jumlah panel surya, kapasitas inverter, dan kapasitas sistem penyimpanan energi baterai (BESS). Analisis kelayakan ekonomi diukur berdasarkan parameter Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), dan Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi PLTS ini mampu memproduksi energi sebesar 645.477,86 kWh per tahun, memenuhi sebagian besar kebutuhan energi pulau dan meningkatkan keandalan pasokan listrik. Secara ekonomi, proyek ini menunjukkan kelayakan dengan nilai NPV positif, IRR yang menarik, dan periode pengembalian investasi yang rasional yaitu 7 tahun dan 6 bulan. LCOE yang dihasilkan lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan BPP PLTD. Selain itu, sistem ini berkontribusi mengurangi emisi CO₂ hingga 172.059,45 ton per tahun. Disimpulkan bahwa implementasi PLTS ini adalah solusi yang sangat layak secara teknis, menguntungkan secara ekonomi, dan berdampak positif bagi lingkungan, serta dapat menjadi model replikasi untuk elektrifikasi pulau-pulau kecil lainnya di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: PLTS Hybrid, On-Grid, Off-Grid, Pulau Air Gelubi, Analisis kelayakan, energi terbarukan, PVsyst, sistem penyimpanan energi. / As one of the remote small islands in the Bintan Regency, Air Gelubi Island faces challenges in the provision of stable, affordable, and environmentally friendly electrical energy due to its reliance on a Diesel Power Plant. Basic Cost of Electricity Supply (BPP) and CO₂ emissions are the main problems of the current system. This research aims to plan and analyze the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of a 350 kWp hybrid Solar Power Plant, combining ongrid and off-grid systems, as a sustainable energy solution. The research methodology includes the collection of solar irradiation data, daily electrical load profiles, and existing Diesel Power Plant network data. The system design utilizes manual methods and PVsyst simulation software as a comparison to determine the best component configuration, including the number of solar panels, inverter capacity, and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) capacity. The economic feasibility analysis is measured based on the parameters of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The calculation results show that this Hybrid Solar Power Plant configuration is capable of producing 645.477,86 kWh of energy per year, meeting most of the island's energy needs and increasing the reliability of the electricity supply. Economically, this project demonstrates feasibility with a positive NPV, an attractive IRR, and a rational investment payback period of 7 years and 6 months. The resulting LCOE is significantly lower than the electricity generation cost of the Diesel Power Plant. Furthermore, this system contributes to reducing CO₂ emissions by up to 172.059,45 tons per year. It is concluded that the implementation of this hybrid Solar Power Plant system is a highly feasible solution technically, profitable economically, and positive for the environment. It can also serve as a replicable model for the electrification of other small islands in Indonesia. Keywords: Hybrid Solar Power Plant, On-Grid, Off-Grid, Air Gelubi Island, Feasibility Analysis, Renewable Energy, PVsyst, Energy Storage System.

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