EVALUASI EFISIENSI ENERGI SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP ON-GRID BERKAPASITAS 618,8 KWP DI UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN MEDAN

BUTAR BUTAR, RICHARD S (2026) EVALUASI EFISIENSI ENERGI SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA ATAP ON-GRID BERKAPASITAS 618,8 KWP DI UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN MEDAN. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap di lingkungan institusi pendidikan merupakan langkah strategis dalam mendukung transisi energi bersih dan pengurangan ketergantungan terhadap listrik jaringan. Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan telah mengoperasikan sistem PLTS On-Grid berkapasitas 618,8 kWp sebagai bagian dari upaya meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan mendukung implementasi energi baru terbarukan. Meskipun demikian, efektivitas operasional sistem perlu dievaluasi secara komprehensif untuk memastikan kesesuaian antara performa aktual dan kinerja teoretis yang direncanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai performa teknis PLTS, tingkat integrasinya dengan beban kampus, serta kontribusinya terhadap penghematan energi dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan produksi surya. Metode penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data primer melalui pengamatan fisik instalasi, dokumentasi perangkat panel, inverter, dan sistem proteksi, serta pencatatan parameter kelistrikan harian. Selain itu, data sekunder digunakan untuk membandingkan hasil operasional aktual dengan desain awal, termasuk data ekspor-impor PLN (EXIM), estimasi produksi energi, serta prediksi Performance Ratio (PR) dari dokumen perencanaan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap parameter yield energi, PR, Capacity Factor (CF), self￾consumption ratio, ekspor energi, dan neraca produksi–konsumsi energi. Evaluasi juga mencakup identifikasi mismatch data untuk menentukan faktor kehilangan energi dan kualitas monitoring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total yield selama lima bulan mencapai 462,09 kWh/kWp dengan self-consumption ratio konsisten pada kisaran 58–59%. Sekitar 30% energi masih diekspor ke jaringan, mengindikasikan adanya surplus produksi pada jam tertentu. Selama periode pengamatan, PLTS berhasil mensubstitusi konsumsi listrik kampus sebesar 167.564 kWh, menghasilkan potensi penghematan biaya yang signifikan. Namun ditemukan ketidaksesuaian data produksi dan ekspor pada beberapa bulan, yang diduga terkait ketidakakuratan pencatatan meter. Secara keseluruhan, sistem PLTS menunjukkan kinerja yang baik dan masih memiliki peluang optimalisasi melalui peningkatan manajemen beban serta perbaikan sistem monitoring. Kata Kunci: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS); Performance Ratio (PR); Self-Consumption; Capacity Factor; Integrasi Beban dan Jaringan. / The utilization of rooftop Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in educational institutions represents a strategic effort to support clean energy transition and reduce dependency on grid electricity. Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan has implemented a 618.8 kWp On-Grid PLTS installation as part of its initiative to enhance energy efficiency and expand the adoption of renewable energy. However, a comprehensive evaluation is required to ensure that the actual operational performance aligns with the theoretical design expectations. This study aims to assess the technical performance of the PLTS system, its integration with campus electrical loads, and its contribution to energy savings and optimization of solar energy utilization. The research methodology includes primary data collection through direct observation of the system installation, documentation of solar panels, inverters, and protection devices, as well as daily monitoring of electrical parameters. Secondary data were also analyzed to compare actual performance against the initial design, including PLN export–import (EXIM) data, estimated production output, and predicted Performance Ratio (PR). Key performance indicators evaluated in this study include energy yield, PR, Capacity Factor (CF), self-consumption ratio, exported energy, and the balance between production and consumption. In addition, mismatch data were identified and analyzed to determine potential measurement inconsistencies and monitoring limitations. The results indicate that the five-month total yield reached 462.09 kWh/kWp, with a stable self￾consumption ratio of 58–59%. Approximately 30% of the generated energy was exported to the grid, suggesting surplus production during peak solar hours. Throughout the observation period, the PLTS system successfully supplied 167,564 kWh to campus loads, contributing to significant potential cost savings. However, discrepancies were found between recorded production and export values, likely due to measurement or logging inaccuracies. Overall, the PLTS system demonstrates strong performance with further opportunities for optimization through improved load management and enhanced monitoring accuracy. Keyword: Solar Power Plant (SPP); Performance Ratio (PR); Self-Consumption; Capacity Factor; Load and Network Integration

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