PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM SISTEM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI DI INDONESIA PASCA BERLAKUNYA KUHP 2023

NGABUT, MARIA HERLINA KARMELITA (2026) PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM SISTEM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI DI INDONESIA PASCA BERLAKUNYA KUHP 2023. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya kompleksitas kejahatan oleh korporasi di Indonesia, baik di bidang lingkungan, industri, maupun keselamatan publik, yang belum sepenuhnya diimbangi oleh efektivitas sistem hukum pidana. Sebelum berlakunya KUHP 2023, pengaturan mengenai pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi tersebar dalam berbagai UU sektoral, dan seringkali menimbulkan ketidakkonsistenan dalam penerapannya. Studi ini bermaksud guna menganalisis perbandingan pertimbangan hukum dalam Putusan No. 168/Pid.B/LH/2023/PN BLS, Putusan No. 289/Pid.B/2024/PN JKT.UTR, dan Putusan Nomor 546/Pid.B/2024/PN LLG, serta mengkaji urgensi dan arah pembaruan hukum pidana dalam sistem pertanggungjawaban korporasi pasca berlakunya KUHP 2023. Dengan menggunakan perspektif yuridis-sosiologis, teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode hukum normatif. Hukum dan teori hukum dipelajari melalui lensa pendekatan normatif, sementara pendekatan empiris dipakai guna memahami penerapan hukum dalam praktik serta pandangan aparat penegak hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya penerapan pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap korporasi di Indonesia masih bersifat parsial dan belum memiliki pola yang seragam. Hakim dalam beberapa putusan masih menempatkan individu sebagai pelaku utama, bukan korporasi sebagai entitas hukum. Padahal, KUHP 2023 telah membuka ruang pertanggungjawaban langsung bagi badan hukum. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penulis menegaskan pentingnya pembaruan hukum pidana yang menekankan penerapan teori Real Entity dan Corporate Culture guna memastikan korporasi benar-benar bertanggung jawab atas kebijakan dan sistem internalnya yang melahirkan tindak pidana. Pembaruan ini diharapkan bisa memperkuat efektivitas penegakan hukum dan menciptakan keseimbangan antara kepentingan ekonomi, keadilan, dan tanggung jawab sosial korporasi. Kata Kunci: Hukum Pidana, Korporasi, KUHP 2023 / The increasing complexity of crimes committed by corporations in Indonesia, both in the environmental, industrial, and public safety sectors, has not been fully offset by the effectiveness of the criminal law system. Prior to the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code, regulations regarding corporate criminal liability were scattered in various sectoral laws, and often caused inconsistencies in their implementation. This study aims to analyze the comparison of legal considerations in Decision Number 168/Pid.B/LH/2023/PN BLS, Decision Number 289/Pid.B/2024/PN JKT. UTR, and Decision Number 546/Pid.B/2024/PN LLG, as well as reviewing the urgency and direction of criminal law reform in the corporate accountability system after the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code. The research method used is a normative legal method with a juridical-sociological approach. The normative approach is used to examine laws and regulations and legal doctrines, while the empirical approach is used to understand the application of the law in practice and the views of law enforcement officials. The results of the study show that the implementation of criminal liability against corporations in Indonesia is still partial and does not have a uniform pattern. Judges in some rulings still place individuals as the main perpetrators, not corporations as legal entities. In fact, the 2023 Criminal Code has opened up space for direct accountability for legal entities. Based on these findings, the author emphasizes the importance of criminal law reform that emphasizes the application of Real Entity and Corporate Culture theories to ensure that corporations are truly responsible for their internal policies and systems that give birth to criminal acts. These reforms are expected to strengthen the effectiveness of law enforcement and create a balance between economic interests, justice, and corporate social responsibility. Keywords: Criminal Law, Corporation, Criminal Code 2023

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