Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Pengaturan Alur Pelayaran Dalam Upaya Mencegah Kecelakaan Kapal

MAENGKOM, YULIANA RISNA (2026) Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Pengaturan Alur Pelayaran Dalam Upaya Mencegah Kecelakaan Kapal. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki ketergantungan tinggi terhadap transportasi laut sehingga pengaturan alur pelayaran memegang peranan strategis dalam menjamin keselamatan pelayaran dan mencegah kecelakaan kapal. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah kendala dan tantangan pengaturan alur pelayaran di Indonesia serta peran regulasi hukum dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pelayaran dan penegakan hukum yang berkepastian hukum. Penelitian ini memiliki orisinalitas karena secara khusus menganalisis pengaturan alur pelayaran dari perspektif kepastian hukum dalam konteks pencegahan kecelakaan kapal, yang belum banyak dikaji secara komprehensif dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan analitis. Kerangka teori yang digunakan meliputi teori kepastian hukum dan teori kemanfaatan hukum sebagai pisau analisis untuk menilai efektivitas pengaturan dan penegakan hukum di bidang pelayaran. Kerangka konsep penelitian mencakup konsep pelayaran, alur pelayaran, kecelakaan kapal, serta keselamatan dan keamanan pelayaran sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan nasional dan instrumen hukum internasional yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan alur pelayaran di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala berupa disharmonisasi regulasi, lemahnya pengawasan, keterbatasan sarana kenavigasian, serta rendahnya kepatuhan pengguna jasa pelayaran. Regulasi hukum berperan penting dalam meningkatkan keselamatan pelayaran dan mencegah kecelakaan kapal apabila dirumuskan secara jelas, konsisten, dan ditegakkan secara efektif. Kepastian hukum dalam pengaturan dan penegakan hukum alur pelayaran menjadi faktor kunci dalam mewujudkan tertib pelayaran dan perlindungan hukum bagi seluruh pihak yang terlibat/Indonesia as an archipelagic state is highly dependent on maritime transportation, making the regulation of shipping lanes a crucial element in ensuring maritime safety and preventing ship accidents. This study examines the challenges and obstacles in regulating shipping lanes in Indonesia as well as the role of legal regulation in enhancing maritime safety and law enforcement with legal certainty. The originality of this research lies in its focused analysis of shipping lane regulation from the perspective of legal certainty in the context of ship accident prevention, which has not been comprehensively addressed in previous studies. This research employs a normative juridical legal research method using a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The theoretical framework consists of the theory of legal certainty and the theory of legal utility as analytical tools to assess the effectiveness of regulation and law enforcement in the maritime sector. The conceptual framework includes the concepts of shipping, shipping lanes, ship accidents, and maritime safety and security as regulated under national legislation and relevant international legal instruments. The results of the study indicate that the regulation of shipping lanes in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including regulatory disharmony, weak supervision, limited navigational facilities, and low compliance among maritime service users. Legal regulation plays a significant role in improving maritime safety and preventing ship accidents when it is clearly formulated, consistently applied, and effectively enforced. Legal certainty in the regulation and enforcement of shipping lane laws is a key factor in achieving orderly navigation and legal protection for all parties involved.

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