KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT VERSUS UJARAN KEBENCIAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PHRSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA: (ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PENERAPAN PASAL-PASAL UU ITE)

KURTINAWATI, RULI (2026) KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT VERSUS UJARAN KEBENCIAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PHRSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA: (ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PENERAPAN PASAL-PASAL UU ITE). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya penggunaan media sosial sebagai ruang publik digital yang memfasilitasi kebebasan berpendapat, sekaligus memunculkan tantangan berupa maraknya ujaran kebencian. Kebebasan berpendapat merupakan hak konstitusional warga negara sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 28E UUD 1945, namun bukan bersifat absolut karena tunduk pada pembatasan sesuai Pasal 28J ayat (2). Dalam konteks tersebut, lahir dilema antara perlindungan kebebasan berekspresi dan kebutuhan penegakan hukum terhadap ujaran kebencian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum mengenai kebebasan berpendapat dan ujaran kebencian dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, khususnya melalui penerapan pasal-pasal Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia dan asas keadilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui analisis terhadap UUD 1945, UU ITE, KUHP, serta literatur terkait Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 27 ayat (3) dan Pasal 28 ayat (2) UU ITE sering digunakan sebagai dasar penindakan ujaran kebencian, namun penerapannya masih menimbulkan perdebatan karena adanya ketidakpastian norma dan potensi kriminalisasi kritik. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi dan standar interpretatif yang lebih proporsional agar penegakan hukum sejalan dengan nilai demokrasi dan perlindungan HAM. / This research is motivated by the increasing use of social media as a digital public sphere that facilitates freedom of expression, while simultaneously posing challenges due to the growing prevalence of hate speech. Freedom of expression is a constitutional right granted to citizens under Article 28E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, yet it is not absolute as it is subject to limitations in accordance with Article 28J paragraph (2). In this context, a dilemma arises between protecting democratic expression and enforcing legal measures against hate speech. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing freedom of expression and hate speech in the Indonesian legal system, particularly through the application of provisions in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (EIT Law), and to assess its conformity with human rights principles and the principle of justice. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of the 1945 Constitution, the EIT Law, the Indonesian Criminal Code, as well as relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (2) of the EIT Law are frequently used as a legal basis for addressing hate speech cases; however, their implementation remains controversial due to normative ambiguity and the potential criminalization of criticism. It is concluded that regulatory harmonization and more proportional interpretative standards are required to ensure that law enforcement aligns with democratic values and the protection of human rights.

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