ANALISIS YURIDIS PENERBITAN SURAT PERSETUJUAN BERLAYAR OLEH SYAHBANDAR PERIKANAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 66 TAHUN 2024 TENTANG PERUBAHAN KETIGA ATAS UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PELAYARAN

SIREGAR, YULIANA MINAR PUSPITASARI (2025) ANALISIS YURIDIS PENERBITAN SURAT PERSETUJUAN BERLAYAR OLEH SYAHBANDAR PERIKANAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 66 TAHUN 2024 TENTANG PERUBAHAN KETIGA ATAS UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PELAYARAN. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan bertumpu pada pelayaran dan perikanan. Kapal perikanan yang beroperasi di laut lepas menghadapi risiko tinggi, sehingga penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (SPB) menjadi instrumen legal yang menentukan keselamatan, kepatuhan, dan kesinambungan usaha. Perubahan rezim regulasi, termasuk Undang-Undang Nomor 66 Tahun 2024 serta turunan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja melalui PP Nomor 27 Tahun 2021 dan PP Nomor 31 Tahun 2021, memicu pergeseran kewenangan dan kebutuhan harmonisasi antarinstansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab dua pertanyaan: (1) apakah bentuk pengaturan SPB oleh Syahbandar Perikanan telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 66 Tahun 2024, dan (2) bagaimana akibat hukum PP Nomor 27 Tahun 2021 serta PP Nomor 31 Tahun 2021 dalam penerbitan sertifikat kelaikan kapal perikanan. Penelitian menggunakan desain yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, serta diperkaya wawancara untuk menangkap praktik penerbitan SPB di pelabuhan perikanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan disharmonisasi normatif dan dualisme administrasi, yang tampak dari perbedaan format dokumen SPB antarkementerian serta isu kompetensi pemeriksaan kelaiklautan yang belum selaras dengan standar marine inspector. Temuan ini memperluas pemahaman bahwa kepastian hukum SPB tidak cukup ditopang norma tertulis, tetapi memerlukan sinkronisasi kewenangan, standardisasi pemeriksaan, dan integrasi layanan. Kesimpulannya, harmonisasi regulasi dan penguatan kapasitas teknis aparatur menjadi prasyarat untuk memperkuat keselamatan pelayaran dan efektivitas tata kelola kapal perikanan.. Kata Kunci: Surat Persetujuan Berlayar; Syahbandar Perikanan; Kelaiklautan Kapal Perikanan; Kewenangan; Harmonisasi Regulasi / Indonesia, as an archipelagic state, relies heavily on maritime transportation and fisheries. Fishing vessels operating in offshore waters face high risks; therefore, the issuance of a Sailing Approval Letter (Surat Persetujuan Berlayar/SPB) serves as a legal instrument that determines safety, compliance, and business continuity. Regulatory changes, including Law Number 66 of 2024 and the derivative regulations of the Job Creation framework through Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 and Government Regulation Number 31 of 2021, have triggered shifts in authority and increased the need for inter-agency harmonization. This study aims to address two questions: (1) whether the regulatory framework for SPB issued by Fisheries Harbormasters is consistent with Law Number 66 of 2024; and (2) what the legal consequences of Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 and Government Regulation Number 31 of 2021 are in relation to the issuance of seaworthiness certificates for fishing vessels. This study employs a normative juridical design using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, and were complemented by interviews to capture SPB issuance practices at fishing ports. The findings indicate normative disharmony and administrative dualism, reflected in differences in SPB document formats across ministries and in issues related to seaworthiness inspection competence that has not aligned with marine inspector standards. These findings broaden the understanding that legal certainty for SPB cannot rely solely on written norms, but requires authority synchronization, inspection standardization, and service integration. In conclusion, regulatory harmonization and strengthened technical capacity of implementing officials are prerequisites for improving maritime safety and enhancing the effectiveness of fishing vessel governance. Keywords: Sailing Approval Letter (SPB); Fisheries Harbormaster; Fishing Vessel Seaworthiness; Authority; Regulatory Harmonization.

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