PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INVESTOR DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN INVESTASI DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA DANAU TOBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEPASTIAN HUKUM

Saragi, Herbin (2025) PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INVESTOR DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN INVESTASI DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA DANAU TOBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEPASTIAN HUKUM. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Judul Tesis : PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP INVESTOR DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN INVESTASI DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA DANAU TOBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEPASTIAN HUKUM Penelitian ini mengkaji perlindungan hukum terhadap investor dalam kebijakan pengembangan investasi di Kawasan Pariwisata Danau Toba dari perspektif kepastian hukum, seiring status kawasan ini sebagai Destinasi Super Prioritas dan UNESCO Global Geopark. Meskipun didukung regulasi seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal dan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan, investasi di kawasan ini menghadapi tantangan seperti inkonsistensi regulasi, sengketa lahan adat, dan birokrasi perizinan. Rumusan masalah penelitian mencakup bagaimana pengaturan hukum memberikan kepastian hukum bagi perlindungan investor dan kendala hukum yang memengaruhi kepastian tersebut. Untuk menganalisis, penelitian menggunakan teori kepastian hukum Hans Kelsen, yang menekankan kejelasan, konsistensi, dan stabilitas norma hukum, serta teori perlindungan hukum Philipus M. Hadjon, yang menyoroti jaminan negara terhadap hak investor. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan fokus pada analisis peraturan perundang-undangan (statutory approach). Data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi, mencakup bahan primer seperti undang-undang dan peraturan terkait, bahan sekunder berupa laporan Badan Otorita Danau Toba (BODT) dan pedoman investasi, serta bahan tersier seperti literatur hukum. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, meliputi inventarisasi norma hukum, analisis substansi regulasi, identifikasi inkonsistensi, dan evaluasi implementasi. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan pemetaan kejelasan dan efektivitas regulasi serta identifikasi hambatan hukum di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka hukum mendukung investasi melalui prinsip keadilan dan non-diskriminasi, namun implementasinya terhambat oleh ketidakselarasan regulasi antar-sektor dan antar-pemerintah, konflik lahan adat, dan lemahnya penyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian merekomendasikan harmonisasi regulasi, pengembangan sistem perizinan berbasis teknologi, dan pengakuan hak masyarakat adat untuk menciptakan iklim investasi yang kondusif dan berkelanjutan. Langkah-langkah ini diharapkan meningkatkan kepercayaan investor dan mendukung pembangunan pariwisata di Danau Toba. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Investor, Investasi Pariwisata, Kepastian Hukum. / Title : LEGAL PROTECTION FOR INVESTORS IN THE INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN THE DANAU TOBA TOURISM AREA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY This study examines the legal protection of investors in the investment development policies of the Danau Toba Tourism Area from the perspective of legal certainty, given its status as a Super Priority Destination and UNESCO Global Geopark. Despite being supported by regulations such as Law Number 25 of 2007 on Investment and Law Number 10 of 2009 on Tourism, investments in this area face challenges, including regulatory inconsistencies, customary land disputes, and bureaucratic permitting processes. The research questions focus on how legal frameworks provide certainty for investor protection and the legal obstacles affecting such certainty. To analyze these issues, the study employs Hans Kelsen’s theory of legal certainty, emphasizing clarity, consistency, and stability of legal norms, and Philipus M. Hadjon’s theory of legal protection, which highlights the state’s obligation to safeguard investors’ rights. The research adopts a normative juridical approach, emphasizing the analysis of statutory regulations (statutory approach). Secondary data were collected through literature reviews and documentation, encompassing primary sources such as relevant laws and regulations, secondary sources like reports from the Danau Toba Authority Agency (BODT) and investment guidelines, and tertiary sources including legal literature. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical approach, involving the inventory of legal norms, analysis of regulatory substance, identification of inconsistencies, and evaluation of implementation. This approach enables the mapping of regulatory clarity and effectiveness while identifying practical legal barriers. The findings reveal that while the legal framework supports investment through principles of fairness and non-discrimination, its implementation is hindered by regulatory disharmony across sectors and government levels, customary land conflicts, and weak dispute resolution mechanisms. The study recommends regulatory harmonization, the development of technologybased permitting systems, and recognition of indigenous community rights to foster a conducive and sustainable investment climate. These measures are expected to enhance investor confidence and support tourism development in Danau Toba. Keywords : Investor Protection, Tourism Investment, Legal Certainty

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