Analisa Proses Double Hardening Terhadap Kekuatan Material S48 Pada Komponen Axle Shaft

Hindarto, Ardian Dwi (2025) Analisa Proses Double Hardening Terhadap Kekuatan Material S48 Pada Komponen Axle Shaft. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Axle shaft adalah Salah satu komponen penting dalam sistem transmisi kendaraan dan berfungsi mentransmisikan tenaga yang ada dari mesin ke dalam roda penggerak. Axle shaft mengalami berbagai macam beban selama beroperasi, beban puntir, beban lentur, serta beban kejut. Kombinasi beban ini berpotensi menyebabkan deformasi plastis, retak, dan akhirnya kegagalan material. Material baja yang digunakan adalah dengan karbon menengah seperti S48 dan sifat mekanik material S48 harus di tingkatkan melalui metode melalui proses perlakuan panas hardening. dan untuk meningkatkan kekerasan serta keuletan pada material maka di perlukan Proses Double Hardening. Maka dari itu pada tugas akhir ini, penulis meneliti tentang Analisa pengaruh proses Double Hardening terhadapa material S48 pada komponen Axle Shaft. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. pengujian ini dilakukan dengan cara. konsep 1 (proses reguler), konsep 2 (2x hardening dan 1x Tempering), konsep 3 (2x hardening dan 2x Tempering), kemudian kita lakukan penelitian melalui pengujian Microstructure, Kekerasan (HV), Fatique dan Statuque. Dari hasil pengujian microstructure proses double hardening tidak mempengaruhi struktur mikro pada masing masing aera utama, kemudian untuk hasil penegecekan kekerasan material terdapat konsep 1 (hardening normal) untuk kedalaman kekerasannya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kondisi konsep 2 & 3 (hardening 2x). konsep 2 kekerasannya limit atas dari standard drawing perusahaan QCS Quality Control System, sedangkan konsep 3 nilai kekerasannya over keluar dari toleransi standard drawing perusahaan QCS Quality Control System. Untuk hasil pengujian fatique semua konsep 1, 2 dan 3 memenuhi standard drawing perusahaan QCS Quality Control System, diatas 200.000 cycle tidak patah, dimana siklus kegagalan tercapai diatas 200.000 cycle semua yaitu 253.000 cycle dan tidak mengalami patah. Kemudian untuk hasil pengujian statique semua konsep 1, 2 dan 3 aman semua masuk dalam standard drawing perusahaan QCS Quality Control System, karena patah diarea spline (sudah sesuai standard drawing part). Jadi konsep 1 paling ulet dengan hasil torsi yang didapatkan yaitu 4356,734 Nm dan untuk sudut patahnya sebesar 39,192º. Dari semua penelitian yang di lakukan merekomendasikan konsep 2 yang paling bagus untuk dipakai, sebab tidak mengalami over standar, serta dari hasil uji material menunjukan hasil kekerasan serta keuletan yang masih dalam batas standard drawing perusahaan QCS Quality Control System toleransi yang di tentukan. / The axle shaft is one of the essential components in a vehicle's transmission system and functions to transmit power from the engine to the drive wheels. The axle shaft is subjected to various loads during operation, including torsional, bending, and impact loads. The combination of these loads can lead to plastic deformation, cracking, and eventually material failure. The steel material used is medium carbon steel such as S48, and the mechanical properties of S48 must be improved through heat treatment, specifically the hardening process. To enhance both the hardness and toughness of the material, a Double Hardening process is required. Therefore, in this final project, the author investigates the effect of the Double Hardening process on S48 material in the axle shaft component. This research uses an experimental method. The testing was carried out through three concepts: concept 1 (regular process), concept 2 (double hardening and single tempering), and concept 3 (double hardening and double tempering). The study involved Microstructure testing, Hardness (HV), Fatigue, and Static tests. The microstructure testing results showed that the double hardening process did not significantly affect the microstructure in each main area. In terms of material hardness, concept 1 (normal hardening) had a shallower hardness depth compared to concepts 2 and 3 (double hardening). Concept 2 achieved the upper limit of the company’s standard drawing QCS (Quality Control System), while concept 3 exceeded the hardness tolerance of the company’s standard. In the fatigue test results, all concepts 1, 2, and 3 met the company's standard drawing QCS, as they all exceeded 200,000 cycles without failure reaching up to 253,000 cycles without fracture. The static test results for all three concepts also fell within the company's standard drawing QCS, as failures occurred in the spline area, which is the expected failure location according to the part drawing. Among the three, concept 1 showed the highest ductility, with a torque value of 4356.734 Nm and a fracture angle of 39.192º. Based on all the experimental findings, concept 2 is recommended as the most suitable option, as it did not exceed the standard limits and provided optimal hardness and toughness within the tolerance defined by the company's standard drawing QCS

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